» I'APER COVERS, 40 CENTS. CLOTH COVERS, 60 CENTS. 



T S 

<\oo 



1889. 



1890. 









"^^m^^M 





METALS 



w 



SOUTHERN AND WESTERN EDITION 



A.B.&W.T.WESTERVELT, 

102 Chambers Street, 

Corner Church Street, NEW YORK, 

— MANUFACTURERS OF — 

Onamtil Ira, Copper ail Zinc Work. 

COPPER WEATHER TAKES AM BAMERETS, 

NEWEST AND MOST APPROVED DESIGNS. 

(Men Vases. 
EATOABY. 

Chairs and Settees. 



TO0GHT AND CAST IRON 

RAILINGS. 

DOOR AND WINDOW 

GUARDS* 

PLAIN AND OMENTAL 

Driveway Gates. 

WIRE WORK 

of every description for Banks, 
Offices, &c. 




TABLES. 

IRON AND BRASS 
BEDSTEADS. 

COPPER AND GALVANIZED IRON 

LIGHTHIM RODS. 

CAST IRON 

Crestings, Finals, 

AND 

Bannerets, 



For Houses, Churches, Tow«rc 
and Public Buildings. 



Lamps^LampPosts. 

FOUNTAINS. 
AQ UARI A. 
FOUNTAIN JETS. 

Mi anil Horse Lam Mowers anil Garta Rollers. 

GALVANIZED RAILINGS EOR CEMETERY ENCLOSURES. 
Emblematic Signs for Various Trades. 

Iron Brass antl Nickel Plated Stale Mttinp, 

such as ...^iiij^illililllllllllll^ Hosks, Tie Rings. 

Water Troughs, 

Wood Covered 

Brackets, 
Whip Racks, &c. &c 

Special attention given to Architects' Drawings. 

Illustrated Catalogues furnished to Architects, Builders, and the Trade. 

Office & Warerooms, 102 CHAMBERS ST., cor. Church, New Yoik. 



Guards, 
Mangers, 
Racks, 
Gutters, 

Posts, 




Paper Covers 40 cts. Cloth Covers 60 cts, 

"MULTUM IN PARVO." 



Hhndy Notes op Queries. 

A MANUAL OF USEFUL INFORMATION. 

OF ESPECIAL IMPORTANCE TO DEALERS IN 

Hardware, Stoves and Tinware, 

MACHINISTS', 

GAS-FITTERS' AND PLUMBERS' MATERIALS, 

AS WELL AS THE VAEIOUS WORKERS IN USEPUL METALS. 



-INCLUDING ALSO- 



A NUMBER OF ADDITIONAL PAGES, 
Giving Information of a More General Character. 



COMPILED FROM VARIOUS SOURCES BY 



-MiWl 







i 



NEW YOBK : 

HENRY HOPKINS & CO., 

99 Reade St. 
1889. 



Entered according to act of Congress by Henry Hopkins & Co. in the year 1889 in the 
Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C. 



The Compiler of this Manual of Useful Information can be 
communicated with at the following address: 



Hmry HOPKffiS,T^. 

\ 

P. O. Box 1219, 



NEW YORK. 



REPRESENTING 



Sole Agents for Middle and Southern States for 



NASHUA LOCK CO., 

Locks and Builders' Hardware, 

NASHUA, N.H. 

LOCKWOOD MFC. CO., 

Locks and Builders' Hardware, 

SOUTH NORWALK, CONN. 

KEAN & DOTY MFC. CO. 

Door Knobs, etc., 
CLEVELAND, O. 

DIBBLE MFC. CO., 

" Hemacite " Knobs, 

TRENTON, N.J. 



N. E. BUTT CO., 

PROVIDENCE. 



R.I. 



Chicago Sewing Machine Co., 

Registers and Ventilators, 
CHICAGO, ILL. 

H. B. IVES & CO., 

Door Bolts and Sash Locks, 

NEW HAVEN, CONN. 

NILES MFC. CO., 

Double-Acting Spring Hinges, 

CHICAGO, ILL. 

BROOKLYN LOCK CO., 

Locks and Latches, 
BROOKLYN, N. Y. 



Woodrough & Clemson, 

Saws of All Kinds, 
BOSTON, MASS. 

A. C. PECK & CO., 

Axes and Edge Tools, 

COHOES, N. Y. 

C. J. KIMBALL A SON, 

Shoe, Bread and Factory Knives, 
BENNINGTON, N.H. 

Henry Cheney Hammer Co., 

Solid C. S. Hammers, 
LITTLE FALLS, N. Y. 

Coryell Flint Paper Co., 
WILLIAMSPORT, PA. 

ARCADE FILE WORKS, 

Files and Rasps, 
SING SING, N.Y. 

SOUTHWARK SCALE CO., 

Tea, Counter and Union Scales, 
PHILADELPHIA, PA. 

M. EINWACHTER, 

Mechanics' Tools and Specialties, 
NEWARK, N.J. 



HAMBLIN Sl RUSSELL MFC. CO., 
Standard Wire Coat and Hat Hooks, 

WORCESTER, MASS. 
REPRESENTATIVES OF AMERICAN SCREW CO., 
PROVIDENCE, R. I. 

NOS. 97 AND 99 READE STREET, 

aSTE-W TOBK. 



INDEX TO ADVERTISERS. 



Page. 

AMERICAN MACHINE CO.— Cream Freezers and Ice Chippers 46 

BARNES, W. F. & J O H N -Foot-Power Machinery 86 

BISHOP, A. W. -Horse Pokes 88 

BISSELL CARPET SWEEPER CO.-Carpet Sweepers only 40 

BRUCE &. COOK.— Metals and/Tinners' Supplies 94 

BUSHNELL'S PRICE BOOK.— For Hardware Dealers 29 

BELL, JOHN W. &. CO.— Gal vaniz ad Wire Eave-Trmgh Hanger 98 

CATSKILL RECORDER. -Printing of all kinds 8 

CHAMBERS, BERING & QUINLAN CO. -Hog Kings and Ringers 74 

CHICAGO SEWING MACH I NEiCO. -Registers and Ventilators 2 

CHICAGO SPRING BUTT CO. -Spring Butts and Hinges 18 

CHICAGO SPRING BUTTJCO.— Engine House Spring Hinges 134 

COXHEAD, JOHN F.-Saw.Vises and Saw Sets 42 

CORYELL FLINT PAPER CO. -Flint and Emery Paper 2 

COOPER, HEWITT & C O. -Iron Wire, &c SO 

DALES, CHAS. B.— Hardware Specialties and Tools 4 

DARBY, EDWARD &. SONS.— Ornamental Wire Work 108 

EDWARD STORM SPRINCICO. -Dumb Waiters 48 

EMPIRE PORTABLE FORGE1CO.— Forges and Empire Window Pulleys.. 132 

EMPIRE WRINGER CO.— Clothes Wringers and Dryers 34 

EUREKA FIRE HOSE CO.— Woven Fire and Garden Hose 26 

EDWARD STORM SPRING CO. -Cannon's Nail Sets 42 

FERDINAND, L. W. & CO.— Yacht, Canoe and Boat Hardware 50 

G E I C E R, J .—Kettle Stand for various uses 102 

GEICER & BUSH.— Hand Hammered Copper Kettles, Ac 102 

GILBERT &. BENNETTIMANFC. CO.— Poultry Netting and Wire Cloth . . 14 

CLEASON & ALLEN.— Eagle Washer|Cutters 44 

GRAHAM, J. H. &, CO.— Manufacturers' Agents 20 

CRIFFINCS SONS, H. B. SL CO.— Agricultural Implements 138 

GUYON, C. F. &. CO.— Manufacturers' Agents 2 

HAMMOND, B .— " Slug Shot " and Cottage Colors 38 

HARDER, Ml NARD. -Threshing Machines 88 

HEAD'S IRON FOUNDRY.— Patent Whiffletree Hooks 64 

HOLBROOK BROTHERS.— Plate and Window GUss 130 

HOPKINS, HENRY. -Hard ware. 2 

HOPKINS, HENRY & C6.— Printing, Engraving and E'ectrotyping 100 

HIRAM HOLT CO. -Lightning;Hay Knives 32 

HYNDMAN, W. C. & C O. -Iron Roofing, Siding, &c 12 

HOW TO KEEP A STORE 18 

IVES, HOBART B. & CO.— " Burglar Proof "Sash Locks 44 

JENNINGS, C. E. &, CO.— Mechanics' Tools and Hardware Specialties 4 

JENNINGS & GRIFFIN MANFC. CO.-Britannia Spoons, &c 4 



(of HENRY HOPKINS & CO.) 

REPRESENTING 

C. E. JENNINGS & CO. 

MANUFACTURERS OF 

Mechanics' Tools 
Hardware Specialties. 




OFFICE AND WAREROOM : 

79 Rehde up 97 Bhibeiis Sis., 



NJE1"W 



FACTORIES ■ 

C. E. JENNINGS & CO., CHESTER, CONN. 

JENNINGS & GRIFFIN M'FG CO., 

YALESVILLE, CONN., AND HINSDALE, N. H. 



INDEX TO ADVERTISERS-Continued. 

Page. 

JOHNSTON, H. M . -Standard Kalsomine 38 

JONES, JESSE Si CO.— Wood Shelf Boxes for Hardware 46 

JUDD, H. L. — Upholsterers' Hardware and Specialties 6 

LANE BROS.— Bam Door Hangers and Measuring Faucets 142 

LEE, JESSE 6l SONS.— Horse and Toilet Clippers 62 

LOCKWOOD MANFC. CO.— Locks, Knobs and Builders' Hardware 2 

MALTBY, HENLEY A, CO.-Giant Nail Pullers 84 

MAXWELL, JOHN & CO. -Bird Cages 98 

MEDFORD FANCY GOODS CO.— Dog Collars and Furnishings 32 

MONTACUE-WOODROUCH SAW CO. -The "B. M. T." Patent Saws.... 22 

MORSE, WILLIAMS & CO. -Hoists and Elevators 14 

METROPOLITAN AGRICULTURAL WO RKS.-Agricul. Implements. 138 

MILLERS FALLS CO.— Star Hack, Butcher and Bracket Saws Cover pp. 4 

NASHUA LOCK C O. -Locks, Knobs, &c 2 

NEW ENGLAND BUTT CO. -Cast Iron Butts 2 

NEW HAVEN STAPLE WORKS. -Wrought Iron Staples 134 

NORTHAMPTON CUTLERY C O. -Table Cutlery, &c 36 

NORTHFIELD KNIFE CO. -Pocket Cutlery 76 

ONDERDONK, R.— Lemon Squeez9rs, &c 34 

ON THE ROAD TO RICHES.-ByW. H. Maher 86 

PALMER MANUFACTURING CO. -Brass and Copper Specialties 16 

PARAGON NOVELTY CO.— Speed Indicators and General Hardware 50 

PECK, A. G. <fc CO.— Axes and Edge Tools 2 

PENNSYLVANIA WIRE WO RKS. -Wire Railing, Grille Work, &c 108 

POST, CARROLL, JR.— Designer, Draughtsman and Wood Engraver.. 10 

RANSOM SL CO.— Steam and Gas Fittings 48 

RICHARDSON BROTHERS. -Saws of all Kinds 60 

ROGERS FENCE CO.— " Superior " Lawn Mowers 140 

SCHENCK ADJUSTABLE FIRE BACK CO. -Screw and Shot Cases... 74 

SCHOLLHORN, WM. & CO.-" Star » Shears and Dividers 56 

STANDARD TOOL CO.— Mechanics' Tools 108 

SNELL MAN UFACTURING2CO.-Augers and Auger Bits 64 

STEVENS, J., ARMS & TOOL CO.-FireArms 64 

SOUTHWARK SCALE CO.— Tea, Counter and Union Scales 2 

STANLEY RULE & LEVEL C O. -The Celebrated " Odd Jobs.'' 144 

STANLEY RULE & LEVEL CO. -Improved Roofing Bracket Cover pp. 3 

TODD, H. B.— Jutting Nippers and Eave Trjugh Hangers 76 

TRAVERS BROTHERS.— Peerless Sash Cord and Twines 54 

TRENTON IRON CO. -^on Wire, Eale Ties, &c 90 

TITUS &, BABCOCK.— Cliff's Bolster Springs 136 

UNIVERSAL ASSISTANT AND COMPLETE MECHANIC 98 

WHITE, L. 6c I. J.— Coopers' and Mechanics' Tools 62 

WESTERN FILE CO.— Files and Horse Raspe 66 

WESTERVELT, A. B. A W. T.— Or nameiUl Ire n Works Cover pp. 2 

WILEY & RUSSELL MANFC. CO. -Improved Blacksmiths' Tools 68 



HARDWARE* 



MANtTFAOTURED 




PICTURE 



H.LJUDD&CO. 

87 and 89 Chambers St., New York. 
Picture, Drawer and Shutter Knobs. 

BRIGHT 



-AND- 



ROD HOOKS. 



CTJT> 



.^2st:d 



Shoulder Hooks, ^fr ■ 




Wire Goods 



Screw Eyes, 
Screw Hooks. 



Gate and Cornice Hooks and Eyes, 

&arden Eyes, Carpet Pins. 

Coatand Hat Pins and Hooks, 

TOWEL BARS, DRAWER PULLS. 





Perfected Wire Sash and Clothes Lines 

Rust-Proof, Flexible as Cord and Much More Durable. 

FLOWER POT, LAMP AND SHELF BRACKETS, CHANDELIER 

AND BIRD CAGE HOOKS, ETC., ETC. 

QUOTATIONS ON APPLICATION. 

STANDARD GOODS, - LOWEST PRICES. 

87-89 ClianxlDers JSt., Nexe Yorli. 



The Following New or Reconstructed Pages are Published for the First 
Time in the Southern and Western Edition. 



Page. 

BLOCK TIN PIPE.-Weighttofoct 69 

BOXES AND SCREWS for Solid Box Vis?s, dimensions of 58 

BOILER RIVETS.— Sizes and number in a keg 119 

BREAKING STRAIN of various materials 113 

BRASS ESCUTCHEON PINS.-Number to a pound 126 

CAPACITY OF CISTERNS, TANKS, etc 143 

CAST IRON BALLS.-Weight of 69 

COPPER RIVETS AND BURS AND SOLDERING COPPERS 51 

CUT NAILS —Extra prices of , above base price 82 

CUT NAILS AND TACKS. -Number to a pound 49 

DIMENSIONS OF VARIOUS MEASURES OF CAPACITY HI 

ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY of various bodies 45 

FANNING MILL CLOTH.-Mesh, gauges and sizes 80 

GALVANIZED SHEET IRON.-New computations 120 

GAUGES OF WIRE BRADS 49 

GEOMETRICAL DEFINITIONS 123 

HEADS FOR BOLTS.-Standard sizes of 71 

HOOP IRON.— Wire giuge and waight to foot 113 

IRON AND STEEL TIRE. -Weight of to eel 69 

IRON COLUMNS.— Sizes and Comparative Strength Ill 

INTEREST LAWS AND STATUTES OF LIMITATIONS 33 

LA C S C R E WS .—Weight of 100, an y size 123 

MACHINE BOLTS AND BOLT ENDS.-Weight of 100, any size 124 

NON-CONDUCTIVITY of various coverings 45 

OVAL SLIDE AND SOLID BOX VISES. -Sizes, etc £8 

ROOF COVERINGS.— WeiRht of various kinds 61 

ROOFING SLATES.— Quantity of in any number of squares 135 

ROUND AND OVAL HEAD RIVETS.-Weight of 93 

RULES FOR ORDERING Metals or Wire 51 

RULES FOR MEASURING Contents of Cisterns, &c 143 

SASH WEIGHTS.— Weight and dimensions of 129 

SEAMLESS BRASS, COPPER AND ZINC TUBING •••• 106 

" COPPER TUBINC.-Iron Pipe sizes 119 

SHEET COPPER.— Gutter and Boiler sizes 101 

** " Sheathing s'zes 112 

SHRINKAGE OF CASTINCS.-Table of allowance 93 

SLATE ROOFING.— Standard Rules for Measuring 135 

SPECIFIC GRAVITY AND WEIGHT of various substances 43 

STANDARD WIRE NAILS.-Len^ths and gauges of 83 

STEEL CROWBARS.-Sizes and weight of 112 

TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE WIRE. -Sizes, weight and strength. .. 78 

THE METRIC SYSTEM of Weights, etc., converted into English 41 

WIRE BALE TIES.— Gauges, sizes and uses 92 

WIRE HOISTING ROPE.-Sizep, No. 's, Strength, etc 91 

7 



Handy Notes and Queries 

Has been printed for three successive years by the 
Jobbing Department of the 

the Leading Weekly Newspaper of the ^^ 

Upper Hudson Valley. 



The Recorder is one of the best advertising mediums in the 
State for all goods of a general character. 



ESTIMATES FURNISHED 

ON ALL CLASSES OF COMMERCIAL PRINTING. 

Address THE RECORDER, Catskill, N. Y. 




If you wish to receive Bot- 
tom Prices when Writing to 
Advertisers for Catalogues, 
just mention having seen the 
advertisement in Hopkins' 
Handy Notes and Queries. 




■,■■••- ■ ■ .,.,,F 




Designing ^ 

rLNCRAVING 



Carroll JLPostJr. 



Machinery <L -»— t- — i^ ■ 

]RA Rp WAR F l^g^.^S ,;£, 

©W^ORI SoohQ^O^ SAMPl^ CUT& 



CONTENTS. 



Page. 

ACCEPTANCES.— Rules regaTding them 27 

AMERICAN GRADES OF EM ERY.-Cloth and Paper 73 

ANCHORS.— Size required for ship's tonnage 53 

APOTHECARIES' WEICHT.-Tableof 35 

ARTESIAN WELL TUBES.— Weight and dimensions of 122 

ATLAS POWDER.— Marks, qualities and how packed 13T 

** ** Size of cartridges and weight in ounces 13T 

AVOIRDUPOIS WEICHT.-Table of 35 

AXES, BENCH.— Standard cut of each No 63 

BALE TIES, WIRE.— Uses, sizes, length and gauges... 92 

BALLS, CAST IRON.— Weight of various sizes 69 

BARBED WIRE.— Table of weights and measurements 81 

BAR IRON .—Flat, weight to foot 114-115 

•• ' Round, weight to foot 116 

* * Square, weight to foot 117 

* * Extra prices for each size 112 

STEEL.— Flat, weight to foot 126 

* * Round, Square and Octagon , weight to foot 127 

LEAD .—Weight to foot 121 

BILLS OF EXCHANGE explained 27 

BLOCKS, TACKLE.— Diameter of sheaves and size of rope taken 58 

BOILER TUBES.— La P welded ; weight and dimensions 122 

'* IRON.— Legal thickness required and pressure allowed 119 

44 ** Weight of , to square foot 119 

" RIVETS.— No. in 100 pounds 119 

BOLT ENDS.— Weight of 100 124 

** HEADS.— Standard sizes of 71 

BOLTS, MACHINE.-No. to 100 pounds 124 

BOXES . — Capacity of various sizes 141 

BRADS, WIRE. -Standard gauges 49 

BRASS, BAR AND SHEET. -Weight to foot 104 

BRASS WIRE.— Weight of 100 feet 89 

** KETTLES.— Weight and capacity of each size 103 

" TUBING .—Weight per foot 1 06 

" SHEET.— Heavy, weight to square foot 104 

M PLATES.— Weight to square foot 105 

BRAZED COPPER PI PES. -Weight to foot 106 

BRAZIERS' RIVETS.— Number in a pound 103 

BREAKING STRAIN upon Various Materials 113 

BUTTS, BRASS.— Width when open and screws required 73 

* ' CAST.— Screws required for each size 72 

" WROUGHT.— Screws required for each size 72 

BUILDERS' REFERENCE TABLE.-Size of sashes, etc 129 

BUSINESS LAWS in Daily Use 24-25 

BUTCHER KNIVES.— Wilson's, length of each No 65 

CAPS, PERCUSSION.— Eley's " E. B." consecutive numbering 65 

CAPACITY OF FREIGHT CARS 125 

CAPACITY OF CISTERNS AND TANKS u* 

CAPACITY OF VARIOUS BOXES AND MEASURES l« 

CAST IRON COLUMNS.— Sizes and limit of strength , Ill 

CASTERS, BED AND PL ATE. -Size of wheels 65 

II 



CONTENTS -Continued. 

Page. 

C E M E N T.— For Annealing Boxes 30 

* ' For Gas Retorts 3o 

* * For Broken Iron Vessels 30 

" For Closing Stove Doors 30 

*' For Filling Faults in Castings 30 

CEMENT, RUST.-For Iron 30 

FIRE-PROOF 30 

CHAINS, COIL.— Weight of Common and Proved to foot 53 

'* Strengthof Tested 53 

" GERMAN.— wi re Gauge, weight and strength 53 

CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES expressed by common names 39 

CIRCULAR SAWS.— Standard Gauges and directions for ordering 61 

CISTERNS, TANKS, RESERVOIRS.-Capacity of 143 

CISTERNS.— Capacity of in barrels and Rules for Measuring 143 

CLOTH, WIRE.— Gauge sizes and mesh of Screen and Mill.' 80 

COLUMNS, CAST IRON. -Sizes and strength... Ill 

COMMON NAMES for Chemical Substances 39 

CONDUCTIVITY ELECTRICAL.- Of various substances 45 

COAL SCREENS.— Mesh required by dealers 80 

COPARTNERSHIP .—Legal Requirements of 27 

COPPER, BAR AND SHEET. -Weight to foot 104 

COPPER, SHEET .—Gutter and Boiler, Standard sizes and weight 101 

" ** Standard sizes and weight of each sheet 101 

* * " Weight to square foot 101 

»* PLATES.— Weight to square foot 105 

*' SHEATH INC. —Weight per sheet and number to case 112 

" RIVETS AND BURS.— Methods of putting up 82 

** ■■ ** ** Number of each size in pound 103 

" WIRE.— Weight to 100 feet 89 

" PIPES.— Weight to foot 106 

" TUBING.— Weight to foot 106 

M ** PIPE SIZE.— Weight to foot 107 

COPPERS, SOLDERING.— Standard sizes and shapes 82 

CORDAGE.— Number of pounds to the foot 55 

** Approximate weight and strength 55 

CORUNDUM.— G r a( i es of fineness of each number 73 

COTTERS, SPRING.— Sizes, dimensions and uses of each 92 

CROSS TIES.— Number required to mile of track 125 

CROWBARS.— Weight and dimensions of each size 63 

CUBIC MEASURE.-Table of •• 37 

CUT NAILS.— Length and number of each in pound 49 

" ** Extra cost of special sizes 82 

" SPIKES.— Number of each in a keg 5a 

" TACKS.— Length and number of each in pound... 52 

CYLINDRICAL VESSELS.— Capacity of various sizes 141 

DECIMAL EQUIVALENTS.-For parts of an inch 57 

" ** For parts of Millimeters 57 

DRAFTS AND ACCEPTANCES. -Kules regarding them 27 

DRAWN TUBING.— Seamless, weight to foot 106 

DRY MEASURE.-Table of 37 

EMERY.— Grade of fineness of each number 73 

'* PAPER AND CLOTH.— Comparative gr?ding 73 

13 



MORSE ELEVATOR WORKS 




Morse, Williams & Co. 

Manufacturers and Builders of All Kinds of 

Passenger and Freight 

ELEVATORS, 

With Most Approved Safety Devices. 

Automatic U:\ Dons a Sjssi&ltj 

hardware Dealers -wanted to act as Agents. 
MAIN OFFICE AND WORKS, 

Frankford Ay., Wildey and Shackamaxon St*., Philadelphia 

NEW YORK OFFICE, I 08 LIBERTY ST. 
BOSTON OFFICE, 14 HIGH ST. 

THE GILBERT & BENNETT JIIFG. CO.. 

The Oldest and Host Extensive Manufacturers of Galvanized Wire Goods in America. 

]VIA.3NrUFACTtJIlEFlS OP 

Galvanized Steel Wire Cloth 

&alManized Fire-Proof WZire Lathing, 

Galvanized Steel Wire Poultry Netting, the World's Galvanized Web Wire Fence, " Cottage," 

Lawn and Garden Fencing, Iron and Steel Wire Cloth, Brass and Copper Wire Clotb, Power 

Loom Painted and Pearl Window and Door Screen Wire Cloth, Sieves, Riddles, 

Coal and Sand Screens, Conductor Strainers, Gilbert's Rival Ash Sitter. 




FACTORIES AT GEORGETOWN, CONN 



TTeAFlEKOtJSE! 



42 Cliff St., New York. - 148 Lake St., Chicago. 



CONTENTS -Continued. 

Page. 

EFFECTS OF HEAT ON VARIOUS METALS 128 

ESCUTCHEON PINS, BRASS.-Number to pound 126 

EXCHANGE, FOREIGN. -Value of explained 27 

EXTRA PRICES for Cut Nails and Spikes 51 

** " for Wire Nails and Spikes 82 

" " for Special Sizes of Bar Iron 112 

FENCE WIRE, BARBED.— Weight and dimensions of... 81 

FILES.— Standard length, width and thickness 67 

FREIGHT CARS. -Capacity of 125 

FUSE, SAFETY.— Qualities and quantities 137 

'* ** Quantity usually packed in a barrel 137 

GAS PIPE, WELDED.— Weight and;dimensions of 122 

GALVANIZED SHEET | RON. -Weight to square foot, etc 120 

GAUGES, WIRE.— Brown & Sharpe's 75 

4 * Birmingham or Stubs' 75 

' * Washburn & Moen's 75 

4 ' Trenton Iron Co.'s 75 

" G. W. Prentiss's 75 

* ' " Old English " from Brass Mf rs.' List 75 

'* STUBS', expressed in parts of an inch 80 

GEOMETRICAL DEFINITIONS 123 

GERMAN COIL CHAIN.— Wire Gauge, strength and weight to 100 feet 5g 

GLASS, WINDO W .—Number of panes in a box 131 

C Rl N DSTO N ES.— How to obtain the weight of 39 

GUN GAUGE, ENGLISH.— Expressed in fractions of an inch 65 

HARD SOLDERS and process for making 99 

HATCHETS.— Standard length of cut of each No 63 

HATTERS' SIZES. -Table of 65 

HEADS FOR IRON BOLTS.-Standard sizes of 71 

HINGES, STRAP AND T,— Sizes of screws required 72 

** M " Weight of dozen, of heavy sizes 72 

HOOP IRON.— Number of feet in bundle 113 

** " Wire Gauges and weight to foot 113 

HORSE SHOES.— Weight of each size 59 

** SHOE NAILS.— length and number in a pound of each size 59 

JNCOME FROM INVESTMENTS at variouscosts 31 

INTEREST LAWS throughout the United States 33 

RULES for various percentages 31 

IRON RAILS.— Amount required for mile of track 125 

IRON, BAND.— Number of feet in bundle 117 

BAR.— List of extras for the various sizes 112 

BOILER . — Weight to square foot 119 

** Legal thickness and pressure required 119 

FLAT.— Weight to running foot 114-115 

M Number of feet iu a bundle 116 

ROUND.— Weight to running foot 116 

SQUARE .—Weight to running foot 117 

HOOP AND SCROLL.— Number of feet in bundle 113 

ROUND AND SQUARE.— Number of feet in bundle 117 

SHEET AND PL ATE. -Weight to square foot 118 

TIRE, IN SETS.— Number of pounds in 54 feet.. . £9 

VALUE TO TON, at lOths of a cent variation Ill 

15 




Stove Boards, 
Tea Kettles, 
Cuspadores, 
Trays, 
Crumb Trays, 
Coal^Hods, 
Umbrella 
Stands, 
Etc., Etc. 



AND 

NOVELTIES 

IN 

BRASS, 
COPPER, 

TIN, Etc. 

NEW YORK : ) WRITE FOR C FACTORY : 

290 PEARL ST. > CATALOGUE. «1 Front St., BROOKLYN, N.Y. 



CONTElSiTS.-Continued. 

Page. 

IRON, SHEET RUSSIA.— Weight to square foot and per sheet 127 

** ** Wire Gauge and number compared 127 

* * AMERICAN. —Wire Gauge, weight and size in current use 1 27 

** GALVANIZED.— Weight per sheet and square foot 120 

" " Price per square foot at various discounts... 120 

WIRE .—Gauge, Diameter and Breaking Strain 77 

" Length in a bundle and 1 cwt 77 

" Weight of 100 yards and 1 mile 77 

' * Sizes expressed in fractions of an inch 77 

* * Sizts expressed in decimals of an inch 80 

KETTLES, BR ASS. -Weight and capacity of 103 

LAC, OR WOOD SCREWS.— Weight of 100 each size 123 

L A P" W ELDED TUBES .—Sizes and dimensions of 122 

LAWS, BUSINESS.— I" every-day use 24-25 

LEAD PIPE.— Standard weights of 109 

" SHEET.— Weights to square foot 121 

* ' B A R.— Weights to lineal foot 121 

LIGHTNING ROD TUBES.— Weight of Copper and Zinc to foot , 106 

LINEAL OR SURVEYORS' MEASURE. -Table of 35 

LIQUID MEASURE. -Table of 37 

LIST OF STANDARD THREADS on Bolts and Nuts 69 

LONG MEASURE. -Table of 35 

MACHINE BOLTS.— Number in 100 lbs 124 

MANDRELS, CIRCULAR SAW.-Standard sizes 61 

MATHEMATICAL RULES. -Some useful ones 110 

MEASURES OF CAPACITY.-Table of dimensions of 141 

METALS.— Rules for computing the weight of 110 

' * Weight of, per cubic inch and foot , 43 

* * Relative malleability of 79 

' * Relative gravity of 79 

11 AND ALLOYS.— Specific gravity and weight of 43 

METRIC (MICROMETER) CALIPER.-Decimal equivalents for its use... 57 

METRIC SYSTEM converted to English Standards 41 

MILL SAWS.— Standard gauges in inches 61 

MOLASSES GATES.— Diameter and bore of each No 65 

NAILS, CUT.— Derivation of word " Penny " 49 

* ' Number of each to pound or keg 49 

' * Prices of all extras above 1 Od. rate 82 

HORSE SHOE.— Standard length and number in each pound 59 

WIRE .—Approximate number in pound 87 

* * Differences in prices above standard 82 

* * Standard, dimensions of each size 83 

" Standard gauges, No. and length 83 

" AND SPIKES.— Length and number of each in a pound 85 

NON-CONDUCTIVITY of Various Coverings for Steam use 45 

NUTS, WROUGHT.— Dimensions of all regular sizes 70 

** " Number of each size in keg 70 

OIL WELL CASING.— Standard sizes and weight 122 

OVAL SLIDE VISES.— Size of screws, weight and length of jaws 58 

PIPE, BLOCK TIN.— Standard weights of 69 

" LEAD, AND TIN-LI NED. -Standard weights of 109 

" CAS, WELDED.— Weight and dimensions of 122 

17 



CHICAGO SPRING BUTT. 



CHICAGO BLANK BUTT. 




THE MOST POPULAR LINE OF 




WRITE FOR CATALOGUE AND PRICES. 



MANUFACTURED BY 



CHICAGO SPRING BUTT CO 

Lake and Union Sts,, Chicago. 



Jap'd 
Pair. 



$1.20 
1.50 
2.50 
4.00 
7.00 

10.00 



21 



Nickel 
Plated, 
Pair. 



$3.00 

8.75 

5.50 

7.50 

10.00 

14.00 



Bronze 

Plated. 

Pair. 



$3.00 
3 75 
5.50 
7.50 
10.00 
14.00 



Real 

Bronze, 

Pair. 



$8.50 
9.50 
12.00 
20.00 
30.00 
39.00 



51 



Brass 
Pair. 



$8.50 
9.50 
12.00 
20.00 
30.00 
39.00 



% to 1 in. 
1>8 to 1& in. 
1% tol^ in. 
1% to 2 in. 
2M to 2% in. 
1% to 3% in. 



Jap'd, 
Pair. 



$0.60 
0.75 
1.25 
2.00 
3.50 
5.00 



Nickel 

Plated. 

Pair. 

$1.50 
1.88 
2.75 
3.75 
5.00 
6.50 




43 



Real 

Bronze. 

Pair. 



$4.25 
4.75 
6.00 
10.00 
15.00 
19.50 



53 



Brass 
Pair. 



$4.25 
4.75 
6.00 
10.00 
15.00 
19.50 



HOW TO KEEP A STORE. 



BTT S. ZE3I. TERRY. 



406 Pages, - 5x7 1-2 Inches. 



This book should be in the hands of everyone interested in 
the selling of goods at retail. Among the subjects discussed are : 
The selection of a business ; Choice of a locality ; Buying a stock 
of goods; Examining, marking and arranging goods; How to 
advertise ; Employment of clerks ; Selling for cash and credit ; 
Keeping accounts ; Expenses ; Copartnerships ; Losses by fire, 
theft, etc. ; Influences of social life on business ; Buying at auc- 
tion; Investment of profits; Insolvency; Business qualifications. 
Every branch of the retail trade is treated upon in a direct, bus- 
iness-like manner. It is a thoroughly practical book for merchants 
and clerks. 

PRICE, $1.50. 

Sent prepaid, on receipt of prise, by HENRY HOPKINS I CO,, 99 Reade St„ N, 7, 

Including a Copy of "Handy Notes and Queries" as a Premium. 



CONTENTS -Continued. 

Page. 

PICKS, R. R. AND MINING. -Standard weights of 63 

PLAT E I RO N .—Weight to square foot 118 

PLATES, IRON, STEEL, COPPER, BR ASS. -Weight to square foot.. 105 

*' TIN.— Wire gauge, weight, name, etc 95 

POISONS AND THEIR ANTIDOTES 28 

POWDER, ATLAS.— Marks, qualities, etc 137 

" SPORTING AND MINING. -Marks and qualities 137 

QUANTITIES.-A table of 35 

RAILROAD SPIKES.— Number of each size in 100 lbs 52 

** ** Number needed to mile of track 55 

RAILS, SPLICES AND BOLTS. -Squired per mile of track 125 

RECIPES FOR MAKING SOLDERS 99 

VARIOUS CEMENTS 30 

RIVETS AND BURS, COPPER.— Number of each in a pound 103 

** BOILER, ** BURDENS. "-Number of each size in a keg 119 

" ROUND OR OVAL HEAD.-Number in a pound 93 

RODS, STEEL, ** STUBS."— Nos. expressed in divisions of an inch 80 

ROOF COVERINGS.— Weight of, per square 51 

ROOFING SLATE.— Size of and number to a square 133 

M TIN.— Cost of, with 14x20 tin 96 

,- " Cost of, with 20x28 tin 97 

ROPE, MAN ILA. -Weight per 100 fathoms 53 

" " Weight per 100 fathoms of Tarred and Hawser laid 55 

M " Breaking strength of each size 55 

" ** Number of feet to a pound of each size 55 

" WIRE.— Diameter, circumference, weight, etc 91 

RULES TO BE OBSERVED.— In ordering Metal or Wire 82 

" " '* In computing Slates for Roofing 135 

" * * " In ordering Circular Saws 61 

•? " " In tempering Steel 128 

FOR COMPUTING WEIGHT of Metals 110 

•■ ** OBTAINING " of Grindstones 39 

TO CALCULATE ANY PERCENTAGE of interest 31 

RUST CEMENT for Iron 30 

RUSSIA SHEET IRON.— Wire gauge, number and weight to sheet 127 

SAFETY FUSE.— Qualities and burning periods 137 

* ' * * Quantity packed in each barrel 137 

SASH.— Sizes and dimensions of 129 

SAWS, CIRCULAR AND MILL.-Standard gauges of each 61 

" ** ■•' " Directions for ordering 61 

SASH WEIGHTS.— Length and thickness of each size 129 

SCREENS, COAL.— Size of mesh required 80 

SCREWS, LAC OR WOOD.— Weight of 100 each size :... 123 

SCREW THREADS.-Standard, for Nuts, etc 69 

SCROLL IRON.— Number of feet in a bundle 113 

SEED.— Quantity usually sown to an acre 139 

** Quantity required for given number of plants 139 

SHEET COPPER.— Weight per Bquare foot, and thickness by English gauge 101 

" ** Weight of each sheet 101 

" " AND BRASS.— Heavy, weight in pounds 104 

LEAD 121 

" ZINC— Weight to sheet and square foot 121 

19 



JOHN H. GRAHAM. 



WM. A. GRAHAM. 



JOHN H. GRAHAM & CO,, 



ESTABLISHED 1870. 



HARDWARE MANUFACTURERS' AGENTS. 

All Goods at Factory Prices. 

P.-O. Box 1042. 113 Chambers St. and 95 Ken tie St., New York. 

A GENTS AS FOLLOWS : 



AMERICAN MACHINE CO., 

Freezers, Wringers, Fiuting Machines, &c. 
LANE BROS., 

Grocers' Coffee Mills, Self-MeasuriDg Fau- 
cets and Lane's Hangers and Track. 
HENRY DISSTON & SONS, 

Saws, Tools, Files, &c. 
HARTFORD HAMMER CO., 

Hammers Forged from Solid Cast Steel. 
NEW HAVEN COPPER CO., 

Cast Steel Augers and Bits, &c. 
AUBURN TOOL CO., 

Bench and Fancy Planes, all kinds. 
GEORGE M. EDDY & CO., 

Measuring Tapes. Largest line in the 
world. 
LORING & PARKS, 

Tacks and Rivets. 
HOBART B. IVES & CO., 

Sash Locks, Door Bolts, &c. 
QUEEN ANNE SCREEN CO., 

Extension Screens, Window Sticks and 
Corners, &c. 
BARTON BELL CO., 

Hand, House, Car and Sheep Bells, Sleigh 
Bells, &c. 
DOUBLE-POINTED TACK CO., 

Double-Pointed Tacks, Blind Staples, 
Spring Staples, &c. 
UNITED STATES CORD CO., 

Braided Sash Cord, &c. 
ROMER & CO., 

Night Latches, Iron and Brass Padlocks. 
BAEDER FLINT PAPER CO.. 

Flint Paper, Emery Cloth, &c. 
AMIDON & BASTEDO, 

Braces, &c. 
E. 8. HOTCHKISS, 

Hotchkiss Rat Killers, Metallic Mouse 
Traps 
A. G. COES & CO., 

Coes' Genuine Screw Wrenches. 
IRON CI1Y TOOL Wi RKS, 

Vises, Picks, Mattocks, Grub Hoes, 
Sledges, &c. 
HENRY KNICKERBACKER, 

Scythes, Grass Hooks, Axes, Hatchets and 
Tools. 
SEYMOUR SMITH AND SON, 

Pruning Shears, Breast Drills, Bull 
Rings, &c. 
DERBY & BALL, 

Scythe Snaths. 
CHAPIN BOLT & NDT CO., 

Carriage Bolts, Machine Bolts, Lag 
Screws, &c. 
AMERICAN SCREW CO., 

Wood Sciews, &c. 
WATERTUWN THERMOMETER CO , 

Thermometers, Storm Glasses, &c. 



JONES OF BINGHAMTON, 

Scales, &c. 
LAWRENCJK CURRY COMB CO., 

Curry Combs, &c. 
T. C. RICHARDS HDW. CO., 

Picture Nails, Bright Wire Goods, &c. 
JOSEPH MALLINSON & CO., 

Scissors and Shears. 
A. W. BRINKERHOFF & SON, 

Universal Corn Huskers. 
P. LOWENTBAUT, 

Mechanics' and Plumbers' Tools, Skates, &c. 
HARRISBURG HANDLE CO., 

Pick, Axe, Hammer, Sledge and Hatchet 
Handles. 
D. W. BOSLEY & CO., 

Weather Strips, Floor Scrubbers, Window 
Cleaners, &c. 
FRED. J. MEYER MFG. CO., 

Corn Poppers, Fly Traps, Muzzles, Rat 
Traps, &c. 
HOWARD BROS.. 

Cotton, Wool, Horse and Curry Cards. 
GAY & PARSONS, 

Ratchet Screw Drivers, &c. 
TUCKER & DORSEY MFG. CO., 

Alarm Tills, Saw Bucks, Towel Racks, &c. 
PH03NIX CASTER CO., 

Martin's Patent Casters. 
SNELL MFG. CO., 

Cast Steel Augers and Bits, Ship Augers, 
&c. 
A. F. PIKE MFG. CO., 

Scythe Stone. All kinds Oil Stones, &c. 
W. H. HOWELL & CO., 

Geneva Fluters, Laundry Irons, &c. 
EDWARD STORM SPRING CO., 

Cannon Diamond-Pointed Nail Set and 
N. Y. 8afety Dumb Waiters. 
RIPLEY MFG. CO., 

Mallets, Bung Starters, Mouse Traps, &c. 
CHADBORN & CALDWELL MFG. CO., 

Lawn Mowers, Beef Cutters, &c. 
BURRELL & WHITMAN, 

Butter and Cheese Tryers, Flour Testers, 
&c. 
C. S. BELL & CO., 

Church and Farm Bells. 
CHALFANT MFG. CO., 

Toilet and Gas Irons. 
GIBBS LAWN RAKE CO., 

Lawn Rakes and Post Hole Diggers. 
NEW SCOTT MFG. CO., 

Apple, Peach, Orange Parers, Ice Creepers, 
Fruit Presses, &c. 
DETROIT BLOCK WORKS, 

Wood and Iron Blocks. 
NEW DEPARTURE BELL CO., 

Push Button Door G.ngs of improved, 
style. 



CONTENTS -Continued. 

Page. 

SHEET IRON .—Weight to square foot 118 

*' ** Nos. and weights in common use 127 

" " GALVANIZED.— Price at list and discounted 120 

SHOT, DROP AND BUCK.— Standard sizes and number in an ounce 109 

SHRINKAGE OF CASTINCS.-Rulea for pattern-makers „ 93 

SKATES.— Sizes in inches compared with Shoe sizes . 65 

SLATE ROOFING.— Standard rule for measuring 135 

*' ** Table showing No. of slate in any No. of squares 135 

" *' Weight to square and cubic foot 133 

SOLID BOX VISES.— Length of jaws of each size 58 

** *' ** Sizes of boxes and screws 58 

SOLDERS, HARD AND SOFT.-Recipes for making 99 

SOME THINGS THAT ARE MISNAMED 47 

SPECIFIC GRAVITY and Weight of Metals and Alloys 43 

SPIKES, CUT.— Number of each size in a keg 52 

** RAILROAD, BOAT AND SHIP.— Number of each size in a keg. 52 

" *' Number needed to mile of track 55 

" *' Sizes used to various weights of rail 55 

SQUARE MEASURE. -Table of 37 

STATUTES OF LIMITATION forDebtinU.S 33 

STEEL, BAR.— Round, Square and Octagon, weight to foot 127 

" " FLAT.— Weight to foot . 126 

" PLATES.— Weight to square foot '. 105 

" WIRE.— Weight to 100 feet 89 

** '* RODS.— Nos. expressed in parts of an inch 80 

STEEL CROWBARS.— Weight and dimensions of 112 

STRAP AND T HINGES.— Weight of heavy sizes to dozen 72 

** '* " Sizes of screws required 72 

SURVEYING (LINEAL) MEASURE.-Tableof 35 

TACKLE BLOCKS.— Size of sheaves and rope required for each 58 

TACKS, CUT.— No. of each size in pound 49 

TANKS AND RESERVOIRS.-Capacity of 143 

TAPER AND PLUG TAPS.— No. of threads to inch 70 

TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE WIRE 78 

TENSILE STRENGTH and Resistance of Metals 79 

THREADS, STAN DARD.-List of, for Bolts and Nuts 69 

TIN-LINED PI P ES.— Standard size of 109 

TIN PLATES.— Standard kinds and sizes , 95 

*' '* Weight, wire gauge, and No. of sheets in a box 95 

*' ROOFING.— Cost per square, at various rates per box 96-97 

TIRE IRON.— Weight per set of each size 59 

TIRE STEEL.— Weight per set of each size 59 

TEMPERING STEEL.— Rules to be observed 128 

TROY WEICHT.-Table of 35 

TUBES, BOILE R.— Weight and dimensions of 122 

" ARTESIAN WELL.— Weight and dimensions of 122 

TUBING, BRASS, COPPER AND ZINC. -Weight to foot 106 

COPPER. — Pipe sizes, weight to foot 107 

USEFUL MATHEMATICAL RULES no 

USE OF WIRE in Telegraph Service 78 

VALUE OF IRON to the Ton at a given price per pound HI 

VISES, OVAL SLIDE.— Weight, size of screws and length of jaws 58 

21 



THE B. M. T. PATENT SAW. 

A CROSS-CUT, RIP 
OR MITRE SAW 

ALL IN ONE. 




IHiikes i Perfect Joint 

Without Planing. 



SAVES YOUR STRENGTH, TIME 
AND MONEY. 

CUTS BETTER AND FASTER 
THAN ANY OTHER. 

14if tt $i&! ni iif 



For Sale by All Dealers. 



MANUFACTURED SOLELY BY 

MONTAGUE • 10I0UGH SAff CO 

104 Pullman Building, 

MENTION THIS BOOK. 



CONTENTS -Continued. 

Pack. 

VISES, SOLID BOX.— Sizes of boxes and screws 68 

■■ " " Weight and kngth of jaws 58 

"WASHERS.— Standard sizes and No. of each in a keg 71 

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. -Complete Tables of 35-37 

" " M The Metric System in English 41 

WEIGHTS, SASH.— Length and thickness of each size 129 

WEIGHT TO A CUBIC FOOT of various Metals andAlloys 43 

WEIGHT OF ROOF COVERINGS per Square 51 

WINDOW CLASS.— No. of panes in a box of each size 131 

WILSON'S BUTCHER KNIVES. -Length of each No 65 

WIND.— Velocity and force of 139 

WIRE BALE TIES.— Uses, sizes, length and gauges 92 

WIRE BRADS.— Standard Length and Gauge 49 

" CLOTH.— Sizes and mesh of Screen and Mill 80 

** FENCE.— Number of wires and distances between posts 81 

" GAUGES.— Different Standards in the United States 75 

" HOISTING ROPE.— Diameter, circumference, weight, etc 91 

* * ROPE .—Trade Nos., diameter, circumference, weight, etc 91 

WIRE, BARBED FENCE.— Weight and measurement of 81 

* ' B R ASS.— Weight to 100 feet, in pounds 89 

" COPPER.— Weight to 100 feet, in pounds 89 

" IRON.— Weight to 100 feet, in pounds 89 

Size, weight, length and strength 77 

" " Size by wire gauge, expressed in decimals of an inch 80 

* * ST E E L.— Weight to 100 feet, in pounds 89 

" TELEGRAPH AND TELE PHONE. -Weight, resistance, strength 78 

WIRE NAILS.— Approximate number of Regular in a pound 87 

*' Approximate number of Standard in a pound 85 

*' ** Extra prices for various sizes 82 

" " Length of each Standard size and kind 83 

" " AND SPIKES.— Size, length and number of each in pound... 83 

WIRES OF VARIOUS METALS.— Tensile strength and resistance 79 

WORKSHOP RECIPES.— Various kinds of Cement 30 

WROUGHT BOAT AND SHIP SPI KES. -Number in 150 pounds 52 

WRENCHES, "COE'S."- Sizeof Nut taken by each length 63 

ZINC, SHEET.— Wire gauge, number and weight to sheet 121 

" TUBING.— Weight per foot 106 



If you wish to receive BOTTOM PRICES when writing to Adver- 
tisers for Catalogues, just mention having seen the advertisement in 
HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 

23 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



BUSINESS LAW IN DAILY USE. 

The following compilation of business law contains the essence 
of a large amount of legal verbage : 

If a note is lost or stolen, it does not release the maker ; he 
must pay it, if the consideration for which it was given and the 
amount can be proven. 

Notes bear interest only when so stated. 

Principals are responsible for the acts of their agents. 

Each individual in a partnership is respoDsible for the whole 
amount of the debts of the firm, except in cases of special part- 
nership. 

Ignqrance of the law excuses no one. 

The law compels no one to do impossibilities. 

An agreement without consideration is void. 

A note made on Sunday is void. 

Contracts made on Sunday cannot be enforced. 

A note by a minor is void. 

A contract made with a minor is void. 

A contract made with a lunatic is void. 

A note obtained by fraud, or from a person in a state of intox- 
ication, cannot be collected. 

It is a fraud to conceal a fraud. 

Signatures made with a lead pencil are good in law. 

A receipt for money is not always conclusive. 

The acts of one partner bind all the rest. 

" Value received " i* usually written in a note, and should be, 
but is not necessary. If not written it is presumed by the law, 
or may be supplied by proof. 

The maker of an " accommodation " bill or note (one for 
which he has received no consideration, having lent his name or 
credit for the accommodation of the holder) is not bound to the 
pers m accommodated, but is bound to all other parties, precisely 
as if there was a good consideration. 

No consideration is sufficient in law if it be illegal in its na- 
ture. 

Checks or drafts must be presented for payment without un- 
reasonable delay. 

Checks or drafts should be presented during business hours, 
but in this country, except in the case of banks, the time extends 
through the day and evening. 

If the drawee of a check or draft has changed his residence, 
the holder must use due or reasonable diligence to find him. 

If oae who holds a check as payee or otherwise, transfers it to 
another, he has a right to insist that the check be presented that 
day, or, at farthest, on the following day. 

A note indorsed in blank (the name of the indorser only writ- 
ten) is transferable by delivery, the same as if made payable to 
bearer. 

If the time of payment of a note is not inserted, it is held pay- 
able on demand. 



24 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



BUSINESS LAW IN DAILY USE. --Continued. 

** The time of payment of a note must not depend upon a con- 
tingency. The promise must be absolute. 

A bill may be written upon any paper, or substitute for it, 
either with ink or pencil. 

The payee should be distinctly named in the note, unless it is 
payable to bearer. 

An indorsee has a right of action against all whose names were 
on the bill when he received it. 

If the letter containing a protest of non-payment be put into 
the post office, any miscarriage does not affect the party giving 
notice. 

Notice of protest may be sent either to the place of business or 
of residence of the party notified. 

The holder of a note may give notice of protest either to all 
the previous indorsers or only to one of them ; in case of the 
latter he must select the last indorser, and the last must give no- 
tice to the last before him, and so on. Each indorser must send 
notice the same day or the day following. Neither Sunday or 
legal holiday is to be counted in reckoning the time in which 
notice is to be given. 

The loss of a bill or note is not sufficient excuse for not giving 
notice of protest. 

If two or more persons as partners are jointly liable on a note 
or bill, due notice to one of them is sufficient. 

If a note or bill is transfered as security, or even as payment 
of a pre-existing debt, the debt revives if the bill or note be dis- 
honored. 

An indorsement may be written on the face or back. 

An indorser may prevent his own liability to be sued by wri- 
ting " without recourse," or similar words. 

All claims which do not rest upon a seal or judgment must be 
sued within six years from the time when they arise. 

Part payment of a debt which has passed the time of statutory 
limitation revives the whole debt, and the claim holds good for 
another period of six years from the date of such partial pay- 
ment. 

A verbal promise to pay, made without condition, is generally 
held as sufficient to revive a claim otherwise shut out by the law 
of limitation. 

If, when a debt is due, the debtor is out of the State, the " six 
years " do not begin to run until he returns. If he afterward 
leave the State, the time forward counts the same as if he re- 
mained in the State. 

An oral agreement must be proved by evidence. A written 
agreement proves itself. The law prefers written to oral evi- 
dence because of its precision. 

* No evidence may be introduced to contradict or vary a written 
contract ; but it may be received in order to explain it, when 
such contract is in need of explanation. 



25 



SPECIAL NOTICE TO THE TRADE. 

mm FIBElSE COPIPJUT, 

I 3 Barclay Street, New York, 

MANUFACTURERS OF 

Seamless Cotton and Mildew-Proof, Rubber-Lined 

"EUREKA GARDEN HOSE." 




This Company for the season's trade in Garden Hose invites the especial attention 

of dealers, and solicits their orders for our products of Hose for Household purposes. This 

Hose is known as the Eureka Garden Hose, which we have greatly improved 

in appearance and weaving— unequalled by any and the very 

best Hose in the market. 

EUREKA GARDEN HOSE SELLS ON SIGHT. 

It is superior to the best Rubber Hose for durability and strength. It is Mildew-Proof and 
will stand over 500 lbs. pressure per square inch and outlasts Rubber Hose many times over. 

EXPOSE IT TO DRY AFTER USE, 

though it may be soaked every time it is used ; having no outside covering to imprison the 
moisture, will, if given a fair chance, dry immediately; no gas is generated and the cotton is 
uninjured. This is a proven fact in Fire Departments, where our rubber- lined Cotton Hose has 
been known to outlast all others many years. After use do not reel up wet, but put this Hose 
in the sun where it can dry and it will last many years. Once handled by the trade and used 
by the cons\imer, it has given the highest satisfaction to both parties. 

THE EUREKA GARDEN HOSE 

cannot be injured by exposure to sun, same as Rubber Hose. 

PBICE LIST: 

| Inch Eureka Garden Hose 20 Cents per Foot. 

| " " " " 25 " " 

1 " " " " 35 " " 

SEIfcTHD FOR S-A-^EZFUiZES. 

/Subject to Liberal Discount to the Trade. Couplings attached and 

Pipes Furnished iohe?i Required. 

special notice:. 

For the past ten years we have had this brand of Hose in the market, which has proven a 
Great Success, Millions of Feet Being hold. 

The Success of the Eureka Fire Hose Company's Garden Hose is due to the fact of the ex- 
cellence of the material used in the manufacture, and also to its being treated mildew-proof^ 
which is of vital importance to the success and durability of Cotton Hose. 

To Insure getting a Perfect Garden Hose, see that each length bears the brand of 

"Eiarelsa, Garden Hose," and accept none other. 

Respectfully, EUREKA FIRE HOSE CO. 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. | 



Bills of Exchange, Drafts, Acceptances. 

A Bill of Exchange pr Draft is an order drawn by one person or firm upon 
another, payable either at sight or at a stated future time. 

It becomes an "Acceptance" when the party upon whom it is drawn 
writes across the face " Accepted," and signs his name thereto, and is ne- 
gotiable and bank ble the same as a note, and subject to the same laws. 

In many States both Sight and Time drafts are entitled to three days grace, 
the same as notes; but if made in form of a bank check, " pay to, ' without 
the words " at sight," it is payable on presentation without grace. 

Demand Notes are payable en presentation without grace, and bear legal 
interest, after a d mand has been made, if not so written . An endorser on 
a demand note is holden only for a limited time, variable in different States. 

A Negotiable Note must be made payable either to bearer, or be properly 
endorsed by the person to whose order it is made. If the endorser wishes 
to avoid responsibility, he can endorse " without recourse." 

A Joint Note ia one signed by two or more persons, who each become 
liable for the whole amount. 

Three Days' Grace are allowed on all time notes, after the time for pay- 
ment expires; if not then paid, the endorser, if any, should be legally 
notified, to be holden. 

Foreign Exchange, Yalue of U. S, Coins, etc. 

The value of One Pound Sterling or an English Sovereign, compared with 
old U. S. coins, is $4,444, but Congress has, from time to time, reduced the 
weight and purity of U. S. coins, making their value as metals less than their 
value as coins, and has established the present legal value of a Pound Ster- 
ling at $4.84. Exchange is based on the old or nominal value of a Pousd, 
eo that when exchange is said to be at 9 per cent, premium, it is then at par 
value ; when below 9 per cent., it is below par ; and when above 9 ner cent., 
above par, etc. 

Copartnerships. 

Partnerships may be either general or special. In general partnerships, 
money invested ceases to be individual property. Each member i < made 
personally liable for the whole amount of debts incurred by the company. 
The company Is liable for all contracts or obligations made by individual 
members. 

Special Partners are not liable beyond the amount contributed. 

A person may become a partnei by allowing people generally to presume 
that ne is o.«c, as, by having his name on the sign, or parcels, or in the bills 
used in the business. 

A share or specific interest in the profits or loss of a business, as remuner- 
ation for labor, may involve one in the liability of a partner. 

In case of Bankruptcy, the joint estate is first appli d to the payment of 
partnership d^bts, the surplus only going to the creditors of the individual 
estate. 

A Dissolution of partnership may take place under express stipulations in 
the articles of agreement, by mutual consent, by the death or insanity of 
one of the firm, by award of arbitrators, or by court of equity in cases of 
misconduct of some member of the firm 

A partner signing his individual n* me to negotiable paper, which Is for 
the use of the partnership firm, binds all the partners thereby. Negotia- 
ble paper of the firm, even though given on private account by one of the 
partners, will hold all the partners of the firm when it passes into the hands 
of holders who are ignorant of the fact attenoing its creation. 

Partnership effects may be bought and sold by a partner ; he may make 
contracts ; may receive money ; endorse, draw, and accept bills and notes ; 
and while this may be for his own private account, if it apparently be for 
the use of the firm, his partners will be bound by his action, provided the 
parties dealing with him were ignorant of the transaction being *n his 
private account ; and thus r presentation or misrepresentation of a part- 
ner, havir-g relation to business of the firm, will bind the members in the 
partnership. 

In case of Death, the surviving partners must account to the representa- 
tives of the deceased. 



27 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



Poisons and their Antidotes. 

Arsenic.— Use the stomach pump instantly; otherwise, give 20 grains sul- 
phate of zinc in a little warm water to produce vomiting, or a large table 
spoonful of mustard in warm water. Meanwhile procure some hydrat'd 
sesquioxide of iron and give a tablespoonful of it with water every five or 
ten minutes until six doses are taken. Dialyzed iron is also efficient. 

Aqua Amm»nia, or Hartshorn, if taken undiluted is a violent poison. 
Give Vinegar, instantly, mired with a Kttle water, this acts by neutralisa- 
tion. Vegetable oils, in large quantity, furnish the next beet antidote, the 
ammonia acting upon them to form Soap. 

Aconite.— Give an emetic of mustard or snlpbate of zinc, or use the 
stomach pump, instantly, then give stimulants, whiskey, brandy, gin or 
rum, &c. 

Acid— Nitric, Muriatic, or Sulphuric— If either of these be swallow- 
ed, not a moment is to be lost. The best remedy is to fill the patient full 
of Canned Magnesia stirred up iu water, to the consistency of very thin 
paste; or, give half an ounce of soap shavings in a pint of water. If neither 
are at hand give chalk or whiting, in water, or even pound fine some of the 
white plastering from the wall and give in water 

Belladonna, Htosctamus, Stamonium, and Conium are all narcotics, 
and the treatment is the same as for «pium; especially the strong coffee. 

Cantharides (Spanish Flies).— Give large doses of sweet oil, sugar and 
water, or milk. To relieve the strangury and scalding of urine whice it oc- 
casions, give camphor, 10 to 15 drop doses in water. 

Corrosive Sublimate, (Bed bug poison).— Mix up quickly the whites of 
a dozen egg«, with a quart of cold water, give a cupful of the mixture every 
two minutes till the stomach can hold no more. If you have not eggs 
enough use what you have and make up the deficiency with milk. Wheat 
flour, mixed with water, is good. Use the stomach pump if it can be had 
quickly. 

Charcoal Gas, Sulphuretted Hydrogen, or Carbonig Acid Gas.— 
Use cold shower bath and give Aconite in drop do^es, in a spoonful of 
water. The effects of Coal gas are best antidoted by copious draught! of 
vinegar and water. 

Oxalic Acid.— Give Magnesia in water as quickly as possible. When 
not to be had, use chalk, lime orsaleratus. Use the stomach pump if at 
hand. Soap suds or alkalies are of no use with this Acid. 

Opium, Morphine and Laudanum.— Use the stomach pump, if possible; 
if not, a powerful emetic, as sulphate of zinc; or, give the mustard emetic 
and tickle the palate. If drowsiness comes on, take the patient into the 
open air; dash water into the face, by all means keep him walking. If once 
allowed to fall asleep it may be impossible to arouse him. Strong coffee, 
taken hot, antidotes after the stomach has been emptied. 

Prussic Acid.— This is the deadliest of all known poisons. One drop of 
the pure acid will cause instantaneous death. If any of its products be 
taken and the result is not immediately fatal, resort to the cold shower 
bath, inhalation of diluted aqua ammonia vapor and give solution of car- 
bonate of potass, 20 grains to a glass of water, or ammonia diluted with six 
times the bulk of water, freely. 

Sugar op Leab, (Acetate of Lead).— Give a ground mustird emetic; or, 
20 g-ains sulphate of zinc in a glass of water; afterwards, large dose of 
epsora salts. 

Strychnine or Nux Vomica, are rapid and deadly poisons, generally 
proving fatal, in spite of treatment. If emetics are given and the stomach 
emptied quickly enough, and if the patient is not attackediWith convulsions 
wiihin two hours,he will generally be safe. An abundance of sweet milk is 
recommended, also strong coffee, as for opium poisoning. 

Strong Lye.— Sometimes swallowed by children. The remedy is vine- 
gar, or oil, the former by converting the lye into acetate of potash, the lat- 
ter by forming soap; neither of which materially injures the stomach. 

Verdigris*— This most frequently poisons by its formation upon copper 
vessels used in cooking. Give an emetic instantly, and then two tea- 
spoonfula of Carbonate of Soda, in a tumbler full of water and repeat in ten 
minutes. Whites of eggs in water are also proper. 



28 



PERFECTION. 

BUSHNELL'S PRICE BOOK, 

For the Convenience of Business Men 

IN ALL, LINKS OF TRADE, 

but especially the hakdwabe dealer. 



This Book was not offered to the Public until October, 1883, but thousands 
are now using it can testify to its usefulness. 



WHAT IX IS. 

BTTSHNELLS' P&ICE BOOK is a neat, substantially bound 
book of 200 pages, made of first-class stock, conveniently and taste- 
fully indexed, handsomely ruled and headed. It is manufactured for 
the publisherby one of the best blank book manufacturers in New- 
York, and no expense has been spared to make it the finest book in the 
market, the neatness and convenience of which will commend it at once. 

There is no other price book in the market, sold at anything like 
an equal figure, that compares with it. It was developed by years of 
experience in business, and the need of a 'practical price book was the 
means of bringing this before the public. 

. To the business man who never kept a price book, a few weeks' 
trial of it will demonstrate its advantages, and he will never dispense 
with it. 

No business, great or small, can afford to do without it. 

With one of them at his service, a minute's work with the pencil, 
on the arrival of new goods, records the cost of them in a convenient 
shape for almost instantaneous reference at any future time — no mat- 
ter how far distant. 

The advantages of this when purchasing or selling goods are self- 
evident. At the 8am 3 time, your selling price is recorded for as con- 
venient reference; and you thus have the co^t and price of your entire 
stock in a book which may be carried in the pocket or kept on the desk. 

In time saved from searching for old invoices, in money saved in 
buying, and in the preservation of prices of goods from which the marks 
Mve been torn or obliterated, the book will pay for itself many times, 
the first month it is used. 

Jobbing houses will find it admirably adapted to the pocket of the 
Traveling Man, for Salesmen at home, or for Office Use. 



PRICES : 

INCLUDING AS A PREMIUM, A COPY OF " HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES," 

BY MAIL PREPAID. 

No. 1, Cloth, per copy, $1.50. 

No. 2, Seal Morocco, .... «« « 2. 00. 

No. 3, Red Russia, " " 2.50. 

Please remit by Draft, Money Order, or Postal Note. 
Responsible parties miy order and remit on receipt of the books, 
if preferred. 

Sent Postpaid, on Receipt of Price, by 

HENRY HOPKINS & CO., 

PUBLISHERS AND BOOKSELLERS, 

99 READE STREET, NEW YORK. 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



WORKSHOP RECIPES. 



homogeneous plastic mass, 



Cement to Resist Fire and Water, and Harden Quickly. 

Two parts finely sifted unoxodized iron filings. 
One part, perfectly dry, finely powdered loam. 
Knead the mixture with strong vinegar into a 1 
to be used as soon as made. 

To Soften Putty. 

To remove old putty from broken windows, dip a small brush in nitro- 
muriatic acid or caustic soda (concentrated lye), and with it annoint or 
paint over the dry putty that adheres to the broken glass and frames of your 
windows ; after an hours interval, the putty will have become so sof c as to 
be easily removable. 

Painter's Putty. 

o i.«. .um ~.,i„*„*,<»,i ana) Made into a stiff paste. If not 

f pamsh whiting, pulverized 80.6 f intended f or immediate use, raw 

BoiledOil 20 - 4 j oil should be used. 

One pound of putty for stopping every 20 yards. 

Glazier's Putty. 

"Whiting, 70 pounds ; boiled oil, 30 pounds ; water, 2 gallons. Mix. If 
too thin add more whiting ; if too thick, add more oil. 

Cement for Stopping: Joints, Etc. 

White lead in oil, mixed with enough white sand to make it a stiff paste. 
This grows hard by exposure, and resists heat, cold and water. 

Cement for Leather Belting-. 

Take of common glue and American isinglass, equal parts ; place them 
in a boiler and add water sufficient to cover the whole. Let it soak 10 
hours, then bring it to a boiling heat, and add pure tannin until the whole 
becomes ropey or appears like the whites of eggs. Apply it warm. Buff 
the grain oft the leather where it is to be cemented; rub the joint surfaces 
solidly together, let it dry a few hours, and it is ready for practical use ; 
and, if rroperly put together, it will not need riveting, as the cement is 
nearly of the same nature as the leather itself. 

To Remove Rusty Bolts. 

To remove bolts that have become rusted badly, without breakiug 
them, is quite simple if understood. The best methed is to apply kero- 
sene oil liberally, and give time for it to soften the rnst before any attempt 
is made to turn the nut. If, after the rust has softened, it does not start 
easily with the wrench, give a rap on one corner with a blow of the ham- 
mar. A hammer and cold chisel rightiy used will often start a rusted nut 
that would not yield to the wrench without twisting off the bolt. 

How to Prepare Fence Posts. 

A western farmer says that he discoverd many years ago that wood could 
be made to laet longer than iron in the ground. Time and weather, he says, 
seem to have no effect on it. Posts can be prepared for lees than two 
cents apiece. This is the recipe : Take boiled linseed oil and stir it in 
pulverized charcoal to the consistency of paint. Put a coat of this over 
the timber, and, he adds, there is not a man that will live to see it rot. 

A Practical Rule for Laying Pipe for Braining* Land. 

Soils. 

Coarse Gravel Sand 4 feet 6 inches 

Light Sand with Gravel 4 

Light Loam 3 

Loam with Clay 3 

« " Gravel 3 

Sandy Loam 3 

Soft Clay 2 

Soft " 2 

Greatest Pall of Rain is 2 inches per hour= 54303.6 galls, "per acre. 



h of Pipe. 


Distance 

apart. 

...60 feet. 


6 " .... 


60 " 

33 " 


2 " 


21 " 


3 •• 

9 " 

9 " 
6 " 


2T " 

40 " 

21 " 

....15 " 



30 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



Rate of Annual Income of Investments, 

PAR VALUE BEING $100, BEARING INTEREST AT 



Price paid. 


H 


! 6# 


7% 


8% 


10* 


$50 


lO.OO 


12.00 


14.00 


16.00 


20.00 


55 


9.09 


10.90 


12.72 


14.55 


18.18 


60 


8.33 


10.00 


11.66 


13.33 


16.66 


65 


7.69 


9.23 


10.76 


12.30 


15.38 


70 


7.14 


8.57 


10.00 


11.42 


14.28 


75 


6.66 


8.00 


9.33 


10.66 


13.35 


80 


6.25 


7 50 


8.75 


10.00 


12.50 


82£ 


6.06 


7.27 


8.48 


9.69 


11.12 


85 


5.88 


7.05 


8.23 


9.41 


11.76 


87£ 


5.71 


6.85 


8.00 


9.14 


11.42 


90 


5.55 


6.6G 


7.77 


8.88 


11.11 


92£ 


5.40 


6.48 


7.56 


8.64 


10.80 


95 


5.26 


6.31 


7.36 


8.42 


10.52 


96 


5.20 


6.25 


7.29 


8.33 


10.41 


97 


5.15 


6.18 


7.21 


8.24 


10.30 


97£ 


5.12 


6.15 


7.17 


8.20 


10.25 


98 


5.10 


6.12 


7.14 


8.16 


10.20 


99 


5.05 


6.06 


7.07 


8.08 


10.10 


100 


5.00 


6.00 


7.00 


8.00 


10.00 


101 


4.95 


5.94 


6.93 


7.92 


9.90 


102 


4.90 


5.88 


6.86 


7.84 


9.80 


103 


4.85 


5.82 


6.79 


7.76 


9.70 


104 


4.80 


5.76 


6.73 


7.69 


9.61 


105 


4.76 


5.71 


6.66 


7.61 


9.52 a 


110 


4.54 


5.45 


6.36 


7.27 


9.09 


115 


4.34 


5.21 


6.08 


6.95 


8.69 


120 


4.16 


5.00 


5.83 


6.66 


8.33 


125 


4.00 


4.80 


5.60 


6.40 


8.00 


130 


3.84 


4.61 


5.38 


6.15 


7.69 


135 


3.70 


4.44 


5.18 


5 92 


7.40 


140 


3.57 


4.28 


5.00 


5.71 


7.14 


145 


3.44 


4.13 


4.82 


5.51 


6.89 


150 


3.33 


4.00 


4.66 


5.33 


6.66 



Interest Rules. 

Four Per Cent. — Multiply the principal by the number of days to run ; 
separate the right hand figure from product, and divide by 9. 

Five Per Cent.— Multiply by number of days, and divide by 72. 

Six Per Cent.— Multiply by number of days ; separate right hand figure, 
and divide by 6. 

Seven and TBree-Tenths Per Cent. — Multiply by number of days, 
and double the amount so obtained. On $100 the interest is just two cents 
per day. 

Eight Per Cent.— Multiply by number of days, and divide by 4-5. 

Nine Per Cent,— Multiply by number of days ; separate right 1 "tad fig- 
ure, and divide by 4. 

Ten Per Cent.— Multiply by number of days, and divide by 36. 

Twelve Per Cent. — Multiply by number of days ; separate right hand 
figure, and divide by 3. 



31 




MEDFOED FANCY GOODS CO. 

44 AND 46 DUANE ST., NEW YORK. 
X. BRE]VIEn, Pros, and Treas. 
The Only Exclusive Manufacturers of 

DOti CO LLARS IN THE WORLD. 

TEN THOUSAND VARIETIES OF 

Dog Collars, Dog Blankets, Harnesses, 

Locks, Leads, Bells, Couplings, Leashes 

And all requisites for the dog, made out of all styles of 

Leather, Metals, Plushes, Velvets and Corduroy. 

SEND FOR ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE D. 

LIGHTNING 

{Registered Trade Mark No. 9583.) 
Manufactured Exclusively by 



Hiram Holt GomDany 

East Wilton, Me. 



Shun all imitations or so- 
called "Lightning Pattern" 
or "just as good as Light- 
ning" Hay Knives, and ac- 
cept the Genuine article 
only, which will bear our reg- 
istered label. 

EVERY KNIFE WARRANTED. 

Easily sharpened by grind- 
ing on the corner of an ordi- 
nary grindstone. Price always 
as low as consistent with 
first-class materials and 
workmanship. 

Handled by all the prominent 

Hardware Jobbing Houses 

in the United States. 




HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES' AND QUERIES. 



a 

H 

•< 
H 



ft o © 









lON^-^OtC^OKtSHlOtOOSS^I^ONMlOO^ 



i eo in to <o eo ■ 



i to -* ■* to *a to © ' 



osowoooaooiooiaooom 



sj © 



S© tl O *-" «© CO <N C© 00 00 < 



f-i © CO CN *-" © CN *-" 4- © 



^©©t-©©©©©x©ao©©t-©ooo©©o©t-oo 



M 



H A 



d co eS 



5 5-g 



c3 ^ 



h o 

Z55 



So 

© CD „ 



3 i° 
> » S 2 

• El >> U t» 

: o « 5 rfs 2 -a 






3-2 a > w • 
tf2 « § P 



« 5 



§•§8 



WMMNoooncofi^tiiaoaniSMOMOCoi 



o $ 



a o cd 



<©©©©«co©ia©©©»oioift©eo©<o© 



O^lOOtOViONOt-fOt-OOIOWOCWOtOOl 



E O 

-2 O 



"3 ©* 

bo** 
h1* 



W 

w s 



© CD 

"Sis 

, © U t-i © +- CN < 

a a 
<< 



® J 



i© ^oooooo©©c*©oq *-i © »-i© *->© 



00<OOl-0»l«!0»CCt-0!OOl"t«<OiO<0!C<Ot-0!0 



J 2 a S 



d o 



|2j 

l 0f 5"5iooS 



*i : 



• ^5 

.m a 

to « cS 



- 'ft 

■«2 sj5 S 






sisiiailiiliilgillitlfH 



£ * 



3 a 

1 « 

a g 
§ft 

© © 
e8 © 

P" 

© o 
5Z5& 



33 



EMPIBE "PUiCMSE GEAR " WBIIGEBS 

=5C - — . SAVE MUCH MORE LABOR 



ARE MORS DURABLE THAN OTHERS, 




Purchase 
Gear. 



MADB IN ALL SIZES. 



Wears Longest. ADAPTED FOR FAMILIES, HOTELS AND LAUNORIES, 

:mi fERS, THE " DAISY " WRINGER, 



Require small space and 
have large capacity. 

Fold up against the wall 
when not in use. 




Closed. 



Open for Use. 



SIMPLE, 

EFFICIENT, 

DURABLE. 
Solid White Rubber Rolls. 



Dealers, write for Catalogue of Wringers (all kinds, > 
also Folding Wash Benches, Clothes Dryers, Cot Beds, 
Hammock Standards, Swings, etc., etc., to 

Empire Wringer Co., Auburn, N.Y. 




R. ONDERDONK'S 

LEVER LEJlf SQUEEZER 

ITS EQUAL CANNOT BE FOUND. 





A FRUIT AND VEGETABLE PRESSER and CUP STRAINER 

A New and Important Invention. 

It Can be Used for More than 100 Different 
Purposes in the Kitchen. 



NEW IMPROVED LIME PRESSER. 

The Cheapest Ever Put Upon the Market ! 
R. ONDERDONK, 

405 GRAND ST., MEW YORK. 

Factory : Mt. Vernon, N. Y. 




HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. 

Avoirdupois Weight. 

The Grain is the same in Troy, Apothecaries and Avoidupois Weights. 
The standard avoirdupois pound is the weight of 27.7015 cubic inches of distilled 
water weighed in the air at 35.85 degrees Fahr., barometer at 30 inches. 
27.343 grains •= 1 drachm. 

French 
qrs. cwt. ton. grammes. 

0U0139 = .000035 — .00000174 = 1.77 1 846 
.00223 = .000558 = .000028 = 28.34954 
.0357 = .00893 -= .000447 — 453.59 
1 = .25 -= .0125 = 12700 

4 =1 — .05 =- 50802 

80 =20 - 1 = 1016040 

A stone = 14 pounds. A quintal = 100 pounds 

Troy Weight. 
For Gold, Silver and Precious Metals. 



drachms. 


ozs. 


lbs. 


1 — 


.0625 = 


.0039 = 


16 = 


1 = 


.0625 = 


256 = 


16 = 


1 = 


7168 = 


448 «= 


28 = 


28672 = 


1792 = 


112 = 


573440 = 


35840 = 


2240 = 



grams. 



24 = 
480 = 

5760 = 



dwts. 

.04167 = .1 

1 = .1 

20 =1 

240 = 12 



French 
lbs. grammes. 
= .0001736 = .9648 
= .004167 = 1.555 
= .0833 = 31.1035 
= 1 = 373.242 



175 lbs. Troy = 144 Avoirdupois, 
lbs. Avoirdupois X .82286 = lbs. Troy. 
lbs. Troy X 1.2153 = lbs. Avoirdupois. 

The jeweler's Carat is equal, in the United States, to 3.2 grains ; in London, to 
3.17 grains; in Paris, to 3.18. 

Pure Gold is worth $20.67 per oz. Troy, or 5-...34 per oz. Avoirdupois. 

" Silver " $1.36 " " $1.24 " 

Standard Gold " $18.60 " " $16.96 " " 

" Silver " $1,225 M " $1,117 " 

Apothecaries' Weight. 
United States and British. 

20 grains 1 scruple. 

3 scruples 1 drachm = 60 grains. 

8 drams 1 ounce = 24 scruples = 480 grains. 

12 ounces 1 pound = 96 drachms = 28 > scruples = 5760 grs. 

In Troy and Apothecaries' weights, the grain, ounce and pound are tbe same. 
Long Measure. 



1 
12 

36 
72 

198 
7920 



feet. yards 

.083 = .0277! 

1 = .333 

3 = 1 



fath. 



poles. 

= .0139 = .005 

= .1667 = .0606 

= 5 = .182 

= 1 = .364 

16>$ = 5>^= 2% - 1 

660 = 220 = 110 = 40 

,280 — 1760 •= 880 =320 



furl. mile. 

.000126 = .0000158 



.00151 
.00454 
.0091 
.025 

1 



,0001894 
= .000568 
= .001136 
= .003125 
= .125 
= 1 



French 

metres. 

.0254 

.3048 

.9144 

1.8287 

5.0291 

201.16 

1609.315 



fathoms. 



A cable's length = 
A square mile is 640 acres. 
A league is three miles. 
The term ''Sabbath Day's Journey" 

means 1,155 yards. 
A day's joui ?y is 33| 8 miles. 
A fathom is six feet. 



A hand (horse measure) is four inches. 

A palm is three inches. 

A span is WA inches. 

A cubit is two feet. 

A great cubit is 11 feet. 

A pace is three feet. 



surveying i'xeasure (Lineai), 


French 


ins. links. feet. yards. chains. mile. 


metres. 


1 = .126 = .0833 = .0278 = .00126 — .0000158 


— .0254 


7.92 =1 = .66 = .22 = .01 =» .000125 


= .2012 


12 = 1 515 = 1 — .333 — .01515 = .000189 


=• .3048 


3.5 = 4.:j4o = 3 = 1 = .04505 = .000568 


= .9144 


792 = luO = 66 = 22 = 1 = .0125 


= 20.116 


63360 — 8000 = 5280 = 176J = 80 =1 


= 1609.315 


1 knot or geographical mile = 6082.66 feet = 1854 metres = 1.152 statute mile. 


1 Admiralty knot = 1.1515 statute miles = 6080 feet. 




Table of Quantities. 




12 v.irts or articles, 1 dozen. 1 20 quires 


1 ream. 


12 d «hb 1 gross. 2 reams 


1 bundle. 


fH r.n.t* or articles, 1 score. 5 bundles 


1 bale. 


24 sheets paper, 1 quire. | Printer's token, 


250 sheets. 



35 



HQRTHBEnPTOH CUTLERY 60, 

New York Salesroom, - 122 Chambers St., Only. 

Office and Factory, Northampton, Mass. 



MANUFACTURED OF 



SUPERIOR TABLE CUTLERY 

Of Every Description. 

With Cocoa, Ebony, Bone, Rubber, Cellu- 
loid, Ivory and Plated Handles, 
including an Assortment of 

CARVERS AND PATENT GUARD FORKS 

Of the Latest and Most Approved Designs. 

FRENCH COOKS' KNIVES 

Tempered and Ground especially for 
Professional Use. 

BUTCHER, HUNTING, STICKING and SKINNING 

KNIVES, 

I?i all the usual styles of perfect finish and 
guaranteed quality. 



: V 



A full assortment of these very desirable Goods 
ca)i be obtained from 

ANY OF THE LEADING JOBBING HOUSES IN THE UNITED STATES 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



WEIGHTS AND MEASURES-Continued. 



ins. 

1 = 

144 = 
1296 = 



acre. 
.000000159 



1568160 = 10890 



.000023 

.ooo2oe 

.00625 
.25 

1 



Square Measure. 

feet. yards. perches. roods. 

.00694 = .000772 = .0000255 = .00000064 
1 = .111 = .00367 = .0000918 
9 = 1 = .0331 = .000; 

272^ = 30j£ = 1 - .025 

" = 1210 =40 =1 
4840 =160 =4 
100 square feet = 1 square. 
1 chain wide = 8 acres per mile. 
10 square chains = 1 acre. 
1 hectare = 2.471143 acres. 

( = 27878400 sq. feet. 
< = 3097600 sq. yds. 
f =» 640 acres. 
Acres x .0015625 = Square miles. 
Sq. yds. x .000000323 —- sq. miles. 
A section of land is 1 mile square, and contains 640 acres 
A. square acre is 208.71 feet at each side. 



Square 
metres. 
.000645 



25.292 
10J1.7 
4046.7 



V = 3/0< 

1 square mile. < = 3097 



A circular 

- 2 

52 1-6 feet square, 

73% feet square, 

104% feet square, 

120% feet square, 

147% feet square, 

208% feet square, 



147.58 

104.355 " " 

235.504 feet in diameter. 



117^752 " 

or 2,722% 

or 5,445 

or 10,890 

or 14,520 

or 21,780 



square 
square 
square 
square 

square 
square 



Cubic Measure. 



f^t is 



cubic 
metres. 



1-16 



acre, 
acre, 
acre, 
acre, 
acre, 
ere. 



ins. feet. yard. 

1 = .0005788 = .000002144 = 
1721 = 1 = .03704 = 

46656 =27 - 1 = .764513 

A cord of wood= 128 cubic feet, being 4 feet high, 4 feet wide, and 8 feet long. 
42 cubic feet = a ton of shipping. 

A Cubic Foot is Equal to 



1728 cubic inches. 
.037037 cubic yard. 
.803564 U. S. etruck bushel of 2150.42 

cubic inches. 
3.21426 U. S. pecks. 

7.48052 U. S. liquid galls, of 231 cub. inch. 
6.42851 U. S. dry gallons. 



29.92208 U. S. liquid quarts. 
25.71405 U. S. dry quarts. 
59.84416 U- S. liquid pints. 
61.42809 U. S. dry pints. 
239.37662 U. S. gills. 
26667 flour barrel of 3 struck bushels. 
23748 U. S. liquid barrel of 31% gallons. 



Dry Measure* 

The Standard Bushel contains 2150.43 cubic inches, or 77.627013 pounds avoirdu- 
pois of pure water at maximum density. It legal dimensions are 18% inches Diam- 
eter inside, 19% inches outside, and 8 inches deep ; and when heaped, the cone must 
be 6 inches high, making a heaped bushel equal to 1% struck ones. 

Pints. Quarts. Gallons. Pecks. Bushels. Cubic Inches. 
2 = 1 — .250 - .125 = .0315 = 67.2 

8 = 4 - 1 - .5 = .125 = 268.8 
16 = 8 - 2 = 1 - .25 = 537.6 
64-32= 8 = 4= 1= 2150.42 

Liquid Measure* 

The standard gallon measures 231 cubic inches, or 8.33888 lbs., avoirdupois of 
pure water, at about 39.85 degrees Fahr., the barometer at 30 inches, 
gills. 

4 = 1 pint. 
8 = 2 = 1 quart. 
32 = 8 = 4=1 gallon. 
1344= 336= 168= 42 = 1 tierce, 
2016 = 504 — 262 = 63 = 1% — 1 hogshead. 
248? - 672 = 336 - 84 - 2 = 1% — 1 puncheon. 
4032 = 1008=604 = 136 — 3 =2 = 1% = 1 pipe. 
8064 = 2016 — 1008 = 362 = 6 =4 =3 =2=1 tun. 
A cubic foot contains 7% gallons. 



37 



JOHNSTON'S 

ST-^.^TID^-T^3D IDIVX" SIZED 

K alsomine and F resco Paints; 

Gold Medal, New Orleans, 1884-5, and Eight First-Class Awards, 
CHEAPER THAN WALL PAPER OR OIL PAINT. 




Pure White and Beantiful Tints. 

Purines and Beantifies. 

Will not Rub and Scale from the Wall. 

Invaluable in Cleansing and Disinfecting Walls 

Impregnated with Germs of Disease. 
Rlixed in 5 Minutes Ready for the Brush, by 

the addition of Water Only. 
An Inexperienced Person Can Use It. 
Five Pounds will Cover with a Good Body 500 

Square Feet, on a Hard-Finished Wall. 



Ask for "JOHNSTON'S DRY SIZED KALSOMINE," 

*nd see that you do not get any poor substitute. For sale by Paint, Drug and Hardware 

Dealers everywhere. 

Dry Kalsomine and Fresco Paint Works, 

Nos. 25 and 27 JOHN STREET, BROOKLYN, N. Y. 

1889. OVER IOOO TONS 1889. 

USED WITH SAFETY To MAN AMD BEAST. 

ITS EFFICACY 

IS CONCEDED 
BY ALL 

Who Make Thorough Tests. 

NEEDED IN ALL THE VILLAGES OF AMERICA. 

For Pamphlet, address B. HAMMOND, 

Sold by Seedsmen, Wholesale and Retail. FZSBZILL -ON -SUD SON , 1 1 




HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES' AND QUERIES. 



Common Names of Chemical Substances. 

Common Names. Chemical, Names. 

Aqua Fortis Nitric Acid. 

Aqua Regia Nitro-Muriatic Acid. 

Blue Vitriol Sulphate of Copper. 

Cream of Tartar Bitartrate Potassium. 

Calomel Chioride of Mercury. 

Chalk Carbonate Calcium. 

Salt of Tartar Carbonate of Potassa. 

Caustic Potassa Hydrate Potassium. 

Chloroform Chloride of Gormyle. 

Common Sat Chloride of Sodium. 

Copperas, or Green Vitriol Sulphate of Iron. 

Corrosive Sublimate Bi-Chloride of Mercury. 

Diamond Pure Carbon. 

Dry Alum Sulphate Alluminum and Potassium. 

Epsom Salts Sulphate of Magnesia. 

Ethiops Mineral Black Sulphide of Mercury. 

Fire Damp Light Carburetted Hydrogen. 

Galena Sulphide of Lead. 

Glauber's Salt Sulphate of Sodium. 

Giucose Grape Sugar. 

Goulard Water Basic Acetate of Lead. 

Iron Pyrites Bi-Sulphide of Iron. 

Jeweler's Putty Oxide of Tin. 

King's Yellow Sulphide of Arsenic. 

Laughing Gas Protoxide of Nitrogen. 

Lime Oxide of Calcium. 

Lunar Caustic Nitrate of Silver. 

Mosaic Gold Bi-Sulphide of Tin. 

Muriate of Lime Chloride of Calcium. 

Nitre of Saltpetre Nitrate of Potash. 

Oil of Vitriol Sulphuric Acid. 

Potash Oxide of Potassium. 

Realgar Sulphide of Arsenic. 

Red Lead Oxide of Lead. 

Rust of Iron Oxide of Iron. 

Salmoniac Muriate of Ammonia. 

Slacked Lime Hydrate Calcium. 

Soda Oxide of Sodium. 

Spirits of Hartshorn Ammonia. 

Spirit of Salt Hydro-Chloric or Muriatic Acid. 

Stucco, or Plaster of Paris Sulphate of Lime. 

Sugar of Lead Acetate of Lead. 

Verdigris Basic Acetate of Copper. 

Vermillion Sulphide of Mereury. 

Vinegar Acetic Acid (Diluted;. 

Volatile Alkali Ammonia. - 

Water Oxida of Hydrogen 

White Precipitate Ammoniated Mercury. 

White Vitriol Sulphate of Zinc. 

To Obtain the Weight of Grindstones. 

Rule : Square the diameter (in inches), multiply by thick- 
ness (in inches), then multiply by decimal .06363. 

Example : Find the weight of a stone 4 feet 6 inches diam- 
eter and 7 inches thick. 

4 ft. 6 in. =54 inch ; square of 54=2916 ; multiplied by 7= 
20412; multiplied by .06363=Ans., 1298.815 lbs., which is 
weight of stone. All Grindstones weighing less than 200 lbs. 
are sold at "cut-weight." This is the actual weight over the 
scales as they come from the lathe (less a fair amount for moist- 
ure), and is cut into each stone. All Grindstones weighing 
over 200 pounds are sold by measurement- weight only, rule for 
which is given. 

39 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIESJ 



ai iii 
Ha ".« 

2 p« - a •« 

g 35 III 



^^ 2 CO C5 

-< s a £j« 

* a^*» 

vf -* © ^ -o o « 

3 i§s as 

ST** *« © 



O 

S 
w 

H 

« §1^35 

* a* sal 

W aS fa 



nn 

jb -S ° ® ® 
£,» ®.a * 

© ^ +2 m © 

.a 



S 1 



2 2 2 *?£ a 

e *, .S P"5 £ 

S"3 cj 53 ? 



P. 
o 



lOOCNCNi 



•CT00 0O00-*00^»OC>COt-00"j;QClrlO!O- 



,1 co i-i oo t-t co i 



i oo cn « ih eo eo « i-t eo th oo ih 

lOCTHOWCTHeONHOOHHN 



i-trHi-lr*eNCN^tfc-0»( 






•-"^ssssssgssiiiii 



a . 

_ 00 

a * ■ 



" «-. CO 

* B 

o sa 



^*^ *!* ***** *** * __ 

f)<*»MH«iai'3>e , ioo<*®o-*floc | i22?!32 

,_,_,_,,_,,_, Cq ,_, ,_, CNtNrl « CN rl t-t iH 

OOOOOOOOOOH«(OS50H«WCO»«WCO 
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOHHHHH»Ot-0 



iCNOO-tfO 



■5 a . 

ill 

31* 



2ioSo^S«o^iooipoipoipooHo;cp-*o 
siooecioJsiowt-fiiHiootc-neH^t- 

oOHHHti«o, W o:«oont-o^o S »gg^ 
.c»^« 3 ct-x=-.o = oooooo = 3g||g 



iw« 



to«o-*oocN»oC5eot-^iftOt-«oifteo 

*33.9:^S£22* :ot -' H ' 001 



COt2SSSSS90««-*«0»!0-*OfOOHrtr 
OH«WOHC)«!)OHOlJ5 00HWWOOOOC 



' cm co •* ic «o 



nil! 



CO 

*» *4 

©r* 

2 fl 

a « 

O CO 

a ® 
Ma 



o 

a . 

.*« CO 



SSSlOOOXHO^t-IOWOCTffiglWN^OOMt-H 
O^Klh00r-(C^5Clt-O00t-rHa0i-lTK00«N«0eN'*t-C>CJ 
r-l r-t iH r-tiH iHlH •-•i-" •"> 

i-ICICO'^'iOtC't-OOCJOOOOOOOOOOOOOO 



oScseo-*S«ot-ooe»cooot-<»e»ip-*-?<eot-o^op 
^w^'ot-coaoooogo.ogg!!!! 



41 



COXHE-^-ID'S 

Combined Saw Vise and Set. 

PATENTED 
July 5, 1882, 

and 
March 8, 1887. 

Made in 3 Sizes for Circular Saws. 





HoldiDg Saws from 5 t . 10, 7 to 18, and 8 to 26 inches In diameter. Also in TWO SIZES TOR HAND, 

BAND AND SCROLL SAWS. 

THESE VIS»ES ARE ALSO MADE WITHOUT THE SETS. 

A SAMPLE TESTIMONIAL : 

Washington, D. C, March 16, 1887. 
James B. Lambie— Dear Sir : The number 2 and 4, Coxhead Patent Saw Set and Vise Combined, 
bought of you about one year ago, have given entire satisfaction. I would not be without them. 
Yours Respectfully, CHARLES C. BORLAND, 

Master Carpenter at Bureau of Engraving aud Printing, 

Washington, D. . 

Send f < r Inialopiu' nnd Tir.de Discount. 

Manufactured liy JOHN F. COXHEAD, Poughkeepsie, N.Y. 




The object of this Diamond Point can be readily seen, in that it prevents the Set from slipping from 
the head of the nail while in use, thus saving in many cases some valuable riece of work. 

It is fast taking* the place of every other Nail Set. 

Once seen, Mechanics will have no other. 

These Sets are Carefully made from the best quality of Tool Steel. The Poimts 
are turned and thoroughly tempered, and will not break off. 

< c :ach sst fully warranted. 

The Trade Supplied. Put up in boxes (A One dozen, 1-4 gross and One gross, 
Assorted sizes. Prices and terms upon application. 



MANUFACTURED ONLY BY 



The Edward Storm Spring Co., Limited, 



POUGHKEEPSIE, N. Y. 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



II 

cc 



ci ei o <ri 



ooo^ o o i 

t-^ d r-J t^ HHI 



r-l eo 



-3 



.-I CO MIO*«'*«nOICi9 0e!Ot-OH«L'5a«OOL'5(NC10«^<S 
— aa !30B)n*'(IOHlOC^^OH'«160Bt-HflSCl»ffl»CC< 
t- rtHHHrtBHH 1-1 ?-( i-U-l r-H-t O rl •<* i-( ** <« 

O OOO OO O 



Ci Cs C« 



.H©«; 











o-2 



HJ £■ 



I >>b 
1 'S © 



^ £ s a 3 5 „• 



Cu © 



CO 01 02 02 02 02 02 H H 






0DO 



2 •* o ■* ■* o cn 00 
P<i-i 00 00' s>J cm .h ci r-J 



SO SO <y 



CO MO ■<* 

«««0!MOt-t»t-li 



00 I* V 

6C;02 . 

© © .£ 

£ ft-H 



t-^eM so" 



lo m 






£ ft 

so ■«*• * _ t- ■^«'»<o>aoo(NO©0'!»<c5 _Tt- 



f)50<SW00b.M<#t-O»SrtOi 

fi*i-«oiotoo-*t-isifl«oci; 

lOO HHHdflH -* -* ■* 



*•« 



© ^ 

CO "■* 

10 _ 

© s 



« a- re .— i ~ 00 

llllfl-. 

J" . 5 o o S " 



sea a . ; .3 ft g ; ft o s -g •£ .3 

J5 Cdo»OOf; ^ ^ 5 



<« 






r ft 

1- a: 

1" o 



1 U * 



a 

£© 



02 00 »• 

Sg2. 



2 o, 



n 

OS 



43 



IVES' PATENT SASH LOCKS. 

%^7"ai*x-a-ia.tocaL Burglar Proof. 

A very important feature of 
the Iyes' Sash Lock is in its 
securely locking when closed, 
and simultaneously drawing the 
meeting rails closely together. 
All the movements are accom- 
plished by cams without the 
instrumentality of springs, thus 
avoiding the possibility of get- 
ting out of order. 

Ives' Patent Sash Locks 

— AND— 
DOOR BOLTS. 

For sale by all Dealers in Hardware. 
Patented April 17 , 1883 ; Oct. 16, '83; Dec. 30, '84; 

March 24, '85 ; May 12, '85 ; June 23, '85; 

Patented in Canada March 24, 1886. 

HOBART ID. IVT£3S c*3 CO., 

SOLE MANUFACTURERS AND PATENTEES, 

Send for Illustrated Price-List*. NEW HAVEN, CONN. 




THE* EAGLE 

ADVANTAGES. 

This Washer Cutter has a shoul- 
dered point, which recedes as the 
knives enter the leather, so that 
the point does not have to be forced 
through the leather to cut the wash- 
er. In all other Washer Cutters the 
point is fixed, and if it is made blunt, 
a great deal of pressure is required 
to force it into the leather^ while if 
it is made slim to pierce th'e leather, 
the disk of leather cut from the in- 
side of the washer is apt to bind 
between the center point and the 
knife, requiring considerable force 
to remove it, and involving much 
danger of cutting the fingers in do- 
ing so. It is only necessary to cut 
one washer with this cutter to be 
convinced of its superiority. 

MANUFACTURED 



ONLY BY 



Gleason & Allen 



WASHER^CUTTER. 

GLEASON'S PAT. 

THe BEST in the World. 

Price per doz., 

polished $12.00 

Price per doz.. 

nickel plated 18.00 
Extra Knives, 

per doz. pr's. 2.00 
Extra Knives, 

per doz. pr's. 

nickel plated. 3.00 

For Sale by the 

Hardware Trade. 




TERRYVILLE, COM. 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY OF METALS. 

The most reliable tests of electric conductivity of the metals are those 
lately made by Mr. L. Weiller. They were conducted with a series of bars 
specially prepared for the purpose. The measurements were taken by 
i means of a Wheatstone bridge with a sliding index, a differential galva- 
! nometer, and a battery of four cells. The results are given in the following 
table, the comparison being based on the conductivity of silver, whicb is 
taken as 100 : 

> 
Names of Metals. Conductivity. 

Silver, pure 100 

Copper, pure 100 

Copper, pure, super-refined and crystallized 99.9 

Silicon bronze, telegraphic ,. 98 

Copper and silver alloy at 60 per cent 86.65 

Gold, pure 78 

Silicon copper, 4 per cent, of silicon 75 

Silicon copper, 12 percent, of silicon 54,7 

Aluminium, pure 54.2 

Tin, with 10 per cent, of sodium 46.9 

Silicon bronze, telephonic 35 

Plumbiferous copper, with 10 per cent, of lead 30 

Zinc, pure 29.9 

Phosphor-bronze 29 

Silicon brass, with 28 per cent, of zinc 26.49 

Brass, with 35 per cent, of zinc 21.15 

Phosphor-tin 17.7 . 

Gold and silver, 60 per cent, each 16.12 

Swedish iron 16 

Banca tin, pure 15.45 

Antimonous copper 12.7 

Aluminium bronze, 10 percent. Al 12.6 

Cadmium Amalgam, 15 per cent. Cd 12.2 

Siemens steel 12 

Mercurial bronze 10.14 

Platinum, pure 10.6 

Arsenical copper, 10 per cent, arsenic 9.1 

Lead, pure 8.88 

Bronze, with 20 per cent, of tin 8.4 

Nickel, pure 7.89 

Phosphor-bronze, 10 per cent, tin 6.5 

Phosphor-copper, 9 per cent, phosphorus 4.9 

Antimony. 3.88 



Relative Non-Conductivity of Materials. 

Mr. Charles E. Emery of New York recently made some experiments 
upon relative non-conductivity, with reference to the needs of the New 
York Steam Company. His apparatus consisted of a boiler 12 feet in diam- 
eter, with three 10-inch flues passing through it. Inside these flues were 
smaller tubes, through which the steam passed. The non-conductors 
surrounded the inner tubes, and water was kept circulating around the flues 
in the outer shell; A layer of hair felt 2 inches thick gave the best result, 
and using equal thicknesses of the other materials the following percentage 
was obtained : 

Hair felt 100 

Mineral wool, No. 2 83.2 

Mineral wool, No. 2 and tar.... 71.5 

Sawdust 68 

Mineral wool, No.l 67.6 

Charcoal 63.2 

Pine wood, across grain 55.3 

The low result from air-space no doubt is due to the unimpeded circu- 
lation of the current. 



45 



Loam 65 

Gas-works lime, slaked 48 

Asbestos 36.8 

Coal ashes 34.5 

Fuel coke 27.7 

Air space, 2 inches deep 13.6 





.^31 VSfisf^si^M B^\ 




j^^^Bu&&** \ I i ^mi «#B^^ 


C~\ 


fcwif IT" <Z«H 

V • / 


t a 





"AMERICAN" 

SINGLE-ACTION 



"GEM" 

DOUBLE-ACTION 



ICE CREAM FREEZERS. 

THE BEST IN THE WORLD. 

Manufactured by 

AMERICAN MACHINE COMPANY, 

N. E, Cor, Lehigh Avenue and American St., PHILADELPHIA. 

^tQl 1 TOP PhiTlTlPT Send for Catalogue and " Some Reasons Why " the 

IJlQl lUU uUljJjJul 1 " Gem " is the Best Freezer in the World. 



***W 



5* 



Crown Ice GtiiDjer 



JESSEJOAIE5XC0. 

__^^^io.6i5C0MMEIKE- ST 
MAflEo'f 

WOOD 

WITH0UT \ 
Send ron CATALOGUE. . 

TAPER .BOXES^Jifes^HAKDWAllE. v 



SEND FOR CIRCULAR SHOWING WHAT PEOPLE THINK OF THEM, WHO ARE 
ANO HAVE BEEN USING THEM FOR YEARS. 



» 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



SOME THINGS THAT ARE MISNAMED. 

The misapplication of a name in speaking of the common things of life is a source 
of many errors, especially in the young. The reason why things are not rightly 
named in all cases is not because of any deficiency of our language, but because the 
names of most common substances were given long years ago, and very often be- 
fore the true nature of the articles were understood. The " Journal of Applied 
Science " has this to say upon the subject : 

Why should trade not have a Johnson to classify and correct the mass of incon- 
sistencies that go to make up its nomenclature ? We not only tax our brains to in- 
ve nt " fantastic " names for every new fabric, varied, perhaps, only by a thread or a 
shade from what our grandparents wore a century ago, but there are in use positive 
m.snomers for many staple articles of merchandise. The following imperfect list, 
culled from souroes already at hand, will give a faint idea of them : 

Acid (sour), applied in chemistry to a class of bodies to which sourness is only 
accidental, and by no means a universal characteristic Thus rock crystals, quartz, 
flint, etc., are chemical acids, though no particle of acidity belongs to them. 

Black lead does not contain a single particle of lead, being composed of carbon 
and iron. 

Brazilian grass does not come from Brazil, or even grow there ; nor is it grass at 
all. It consists of a palm leaf (Thrinax argentea), and is imported chiefly from 
Cuba. 

Burgundy pitch is not pitch, nor is it manufactured in or exported from Bur- 
gundy. The best is a resiaous substance prepared from common frankincense, and 
brought from Hamburg ; but by far the greater quantity is a mixture of rosin and 
palm oil. 

China, as a name for porcelain, gives rise to the contradictory expressions — 
British china, Dutch china, Chelsea china, etc., like wooden milestones, iron mile- 
stones, brass shoe-horns, iron pens, steel pens. 

Cuttle bone is not bono at all, bat a structure of pure chalk, once embedded 
loosely in the substance of osrtwn species of cuttlefish. It is enclosed in a mem- 
braneous sac within the body of the fish, and drops out when the sac is opened, 
but it has no connection whatever with the sac of the cattle fish. 

Galvanized iron is not galvanized. It is simply iron coated with zinc ; and this 
is dons by dipping it in a zinc bath containing muriatic acid. 

German silver is not silver at all, nor was the metallic alloy called by that name 
invented by a German, but has been in use in China time out of mind. 

Honey soap contains no honey, nor is honey in any way employed in its manufac- 
ture. It is a mixture of palm oil, soap and olive-oil soap, each one part, with three 
parts of curd soap, or yellow soap scented. 

Japan lacquer contains no lac at all, but is made from the sap of a tree called 
Rhus vernicifera. 

Kid gloves are not usually made from kid skins, but of lamb or sheep skins. At 
present many of them are made ef rat skins. 

Meerschaum is not petrified " sea foam," &» its name implies, but is a composi- 
tion of silica, magnesia and water. 

Mosaic gold has no connection with Moses or the metal gold. It is an alloy of 
copper and zinc, used in the ancient museum or tessellated work. 

Mother-of-pearl is the inner layer of several sorts of shells. It is not the mother 
of pearl, as its name indicates, but in some cases the matrix of the pearl . 

Pen means a feather (Latin penna, a wing). A steel pen is not a very choice ex- 
pression. 

Prussia blue does not come from Prussia, but is the precipitate of the salt of pro- 
toxide of iron with prussiate of potassa. 

Salad oil is not oil for salad, but oil for cleaning sallades— i. e., helmets. 

Salt is not salt at all, and has long been excluded from the class of bodies denomi- 
nated " salts." 

Sealing wax is not wax at all, nor does it contain a single particle of wax. 
It is made of shellac, Venice turpentine and cinnibar. Cinnibar gives it a deep, 
red oolor, and the turpentine renders the shellac soft and less brittle. 

Sperm oil properly means " seed oil " (Latin, sperma, seed), from the notion that 
it was spermaceti (the sperm or melt of a whale). The sperm whale is the whale that 
givea '^seed oil," which is taken chiefly, but not wholly from the head. 

Whalebone is not bone at all, nor does it possess any of the properties of bone. It 
is a substance attached to the upper jaw of the whalo, and serves to strain the 
water which the creature takes up in large mouthi ul3. 

Rhinoceros horn is not horn at all, but a kind of matted or compact hair, and is 
only like a horn from being a protuberance on the animal's head. 



47 



ransom: & co., 

Wrought p Cist in Pipe id Fittings, 

Brass and Iron Valves and Cocks, 

RAILWAY, STEAMSHIP, ENGINEERS' AND FACTORY SUPPLIES, 

&& <Sc 3S CE1TTHE STBEET, 

Telephone "Murray 630." NEW YORK. 



SELLING AGENTS FOR 
PIERCE STEAM HEATING CO.— "Excelsior," "Ideal" and "Peerless" Radiators. 
RENSSELAER MFC. CO. -Brass andiron Gate Valves. 

STAR BRASS MFC. CO.— Non-Corrosive Steam Gauges. 

JAS. P. MARSH & CO.— ^tent Automatic Air Valves. 



!> c/i) 



i 



2 *• M Cje3 



w ~ 



c « 

s 

3* 



* 






*- w 'S3 



3 w 

03 

5 



« a a. a 



CO 




m. 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



Length and Number of Cut Nails to the Pound. 




SIZE. 


i 

§ 


1 

a 

o 

O 


o 
a 

5 


8 

a 

r® 


■ 

a 


® 




bit 

a 

3 




00 
•a 

1 



y 
y 

J 

O 


m 

P. 

3 

O 


x 

X 

2d 

3d. 


Xin 

X 
1 

IX 
IX 
IX 
2 

2X 
2X 
2X 
3 

3X 
3X 
4 

*x 

5 

5X 
6 

6X 

7 

8 












800 
500 
376 
224 
180 


























800 

480 

288 

200 

168 

124 

88 

70 

58 

44 

34 

23 

18 

14 

10 

8 


'95' 

74 
62 
53 
46 
42 
38 
33 
20 


84' 

61 
48 
36 
30 
24 
20 
16 


1100 

720 

523 

410 

268 

18S 

146 

130 

102 

76 

62 

54 


1000 
760 
368 










4d 

5d.... 


398 




96 
82 
68 




6d 






224 

*128' 

110 

91 

71 

54 

. 40 
33 
27 


126 
98 
75 
65 
55 
40 
27 




7d 

8d. 








9d, 








lOd. . 








?8 


12d. 








16d. . 








01 


20d. . 






1*X 
12X 

9X 
R 


30d. . . 










40d. 














50d 
















60d 


















6 




















&x 






















4& 






















2X 





NUMB 


ER OF TACKS 


IN A POUND. 




Title. 


Length. 


No. per lb. 


Title. 


Length. 


No. per lb. 


1 ounce. 


T 3 B inch. 


16,000 


10 


ounce. 


If inch, 


1,600 


1# ounce. 


& inch, 
i inch. 


10,666 


12 


ounce. 


Uinch. 


1,332 


2 ounce. 


8,000 


14 


ounce. 


11 inch. 


1,143 


2# ounce. 


T B B inch. 


6,400 


16 


ounce 


Ifinch. 


1,000 


3 ounce. 


| inch. 


5,332 


18 


ounce. 


U inch. 


888 


4 ounce. 


T 7 5 inch. 


4,000 


20 


ounce. 


|§ inch. 


800 


6 ounce. 


T % inch. 


2,666 


22 


ounce. 


1 inch. 


727 


8 ounce. 


T 9 B inch. 


2,000 


24 


ounce. 


1£ inch. 


666 





STA1TPABD "WI^E BSa^-X) 


XjISX 




Length. 


Gauge. 


Length. 


Gauge. 


Inch. 


Fine. 


Med. 


Stout. 


Inch. 


Tine. 


Med. 


Stout. 


_^ 




















_ 


X 


21 


20 


19 


IX 


16 


15 


14 


X 


20 


19 


18 


IX 


15 


14 


13 


y» 


20 


19 


18 


2 


14 


13 


12 


X 


19 


18 


17 


2X 


14 


13 


12 


X 


18 


17 


16 


2X 


13 


12 


11 


1 


18 


17 


16 


2X 


13 


12 


11 


IX 


17 


16 


15 


3 12 


11 


10 



The Term Penny" as Applied to Nails. 

The origin of the terms "six-penny," "ten-penny," etc., as applied to 
nails, though not commonly known, is involved in no mystery whatever. 
Nails have been made a certain number of pounds to the thousand for many 
years, and are still reckoned in that way in England, a ten-penny being a 
thousand nails to ten pounds, a six- penny a thousand to six pounds, a 
twenty-penny weighing twenty pounds to the thousand ; and, in ordering, 
buyers call for the three-pound r six-pound, or ten-pound variety, etc. , until, 
by the Englishmen's abbreviation of " pun " for "pound," the abbreviation 
has been made to stand for penny, instead of pound, as originally intended. 



49 



C. L, Joy. 



PARAGON NOVELTY CO. 



P. S. Johnson. 




Manufr's of 



SPEED 



22 Artisan Street, 



Alligator Wrenches, 

Brass Plated Coat and Hat Hooks, 
Sash Locks, Screw Drivers, 

Pipe Wrenches and Cutters. 

FACTORY : 

NEW HAVEN, CONN. 



MECHANICS & ENGINEERS POCKET BOOK 



Containing Tables, Rules and Formulas Pertaining to 

Mechanics, Mathematics and Physics. 

BOUND IN LEATHER, FJLAP, - - $4.00. 

Sent, postpaid, on receipt of price, by 

HENRY HOPKINS & CO., Booksellers, 99 Reade St., N. Y. 

[Who will include a eopy of 5i Handy Notes " as a Premium.] 



L. W. FERDINAND & CO., 

Manufacturers, Jobbers and Retail Dealers in 

kit, M, Canoe aid Sty Mi; Earta. 




Agents for DIRIGO FOLDING ANCHORS. 

Send for 130 page Catalogue. - 267 FEDERAL ST., BOSTON, MASS. 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES 



Rules to be Observed in Ordering Metal or Wire. 

Tn case narties ordering Metal or Wire have no Gauge, a smallpiece of 
a l Brass in Sheets is numbered according to Brown & Sharpe s Uauge. 

Sha S2il G e3Va.B and Copper Tubing is numbered according to Stubs' 
GaU iTl orders when the name of Gauge is not stated, will be .filled as above. 

866 F°«Sble showing the difference between Gauges, see Contents. 



Copper Rivets and Burs. 



Belt Rivets only, in 1-lb boxes. 
Braziers' Rivets only, in 5-lb. boxes. 

a?^!?. 1 ^?^^ <t$£* to % " inch ' of one number$ 

with Burs to match, in tf-lb. and 1-lb. boxes. 



Sizes of Soldering Coppers. 

Pointed, \Y, lbs. per pair. 

" 2V3, 4. 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12 lbs. per pair. 
Flat, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 lbs. per pair. 
Hatchet, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 lbs. per pair. 
Roofing, 11 lbs. per pair, with handles and shield. 



Weights of Roof Coverings Per Square of 100 Square Feet. 



Slating •• 

Lead, 6% to 7 lbs. to square ft 

Corrugated iron 

Copper or zinc, 16 oz. per sq. ft 

Tin, 20x28, flat seam 

Tin, 20x28, standing seam 

Tin, 14x20, standing seam 

Tin, 14x20, flat seam 

Boarding, % thick 

Boarding, 1% thick 



Weight. 



550 to 650 lbs. 
650 to 700 lbs. 
300 pounds. 
100 pounds. 

66 pounds. 

69 pounds. 

74 pounds. 

68 pounds. 
250 pounds. 
500 pounds. 



Last Slope. 



26 to 30 deg. 
4 degrees. 
6 degrees. 
4 degrees. 
3 degrees. 
8 degrees. 
8 degrees. 
3 degrees. 



51 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



CUT SPIKES. 

NUMBER IN KEG OF ICO POUNDS. 



3 inch. 
3^ » . 

4 " . 

4* « . 



.2900 
.2100 
.1500 
.1150 



5 

6 



inch 



.1)50 
.850 

.775 



inch 



.575 
.450 
.375 



RAILROAD SPIKES. 

NUMBEK IN 100 POUNDS. 



•% OQ 






Length. 


*3 «> 










3 


4 


5 


6 


7 


8 


9 


10 


12 


14 


I 


1340 


1060 


870 


680 














ft 

rV 




G20 


580 


540 














A 






460 


380 


320 


290 


250 












320 


280 


240 


220 


200 








I 






260 


210 


18U 


17C 


140 


130 


110 








170 


130 






100 


90 


I 80 


70 



WROUGHT BOAT AND SHIP SPIKES. 

NUMBER IN A EEO OF 150 POUNDS. 



w i 


Length. 




3 


3i 


4 


4* 


5 


H 


6 


6* 


7 


n 


8 


»i 


9 


10 


L 


1910 


1585 


1326 


1223 


1025 




















A 


1010 


963 


810 


605 


583 




521 
















iV 






542 


503 


461 


423 


402 


321 














* 










340 


312 


298 


280 261 


240 


223 








IT? 














221 


200'l90 


180 


170 


160 


150 


130 


1 
















1 




140 


130 


120 


100 



WEIGHT AND THICKNESS OF BOILER IRON. 



£ inch weighs 5 lbs 


. per sq. 


ft. 


■A- 


7* ' 




• 




X 


•• 10 « 




« 






" 15 ' 
" 17i- ' 

» 20 ' 




< 





No. 1 Iron is.... A- inch thick. 

No. 3 •« ....& 

No. 4 " .... ± 

No. 5 " ....-& 

No. 7 " ....ft 



52 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



TABLE 



SHOWING AVERAGE "WEIGHT PER FATHOM, ADMIRALTY TEST, AND 
SIZES OF CHAINS REQUIRED FOR VESSELS, ACCORDING TO THEIR 
REGISTERED TONNAGE. FOR LOW DECK VESSELS ADD ONE FIFTH 
TO THE TONNAGE. 



Size. 


O'Jo 

o -S 
O 


Proved . 
Av'gWeight 
per Fathom. 


Size of 
Rope. 


Proof. 


i 

G.5J 


1 
w 
a 

< 


Inches. 


Stud. 


Short 
Link. 


Inches. 


Cable 
Chain . 


BBB 

Crane 
Chain. 




N 

53 


3-16 

* 
5-16 

H 

7-16 

* 

9-16 
% 

11-16 

% 
13-16 

% 
15-16 
1 
1 1-16 

1* 

1 3-16 

1* 
1 5-16 

IK 
1 7-16 

1* 
1 9-16 

IX 
1 11-16 

IX 

1 13-16 

1% 
1 15-16 
V 

2* 

2* 


50 
80 
100 
140 
210 
265 
320 
420 
500 
590 
680 
790 


"33" 
38 
43 
50 
58 
65 
72 
80 
89 
98 
110 
118 
128 
138 
150 
161 
175 
188 
200 
215 
230 
250 
290 


4 
6 

9 
12 
15 
19 
25 
3> 
35 
40 
46 
54 
61 
69 
76 
85 
95 
104 
115 
125 
135 
14S 
160 


1 

1* 

2* 

3* 
4 

5* 

f* 

7X 

s* 

9* 
10 

10% 

11* 

12 

1234 

13* 

14* 

15 

15* 

16 

16* 

"* 

18 

19* 

19* 

20 

21 

22 










1 

3 
4 
5 
6 
8 
10 
12 
14 
16 
18 
20 
23 
26 
28 
30 
34 
37 
41 
44 
48 
52 
56 
60 
64 
68 
72 
80 
88 


V s 

3 

4 

5 

6 

8 
10 
12 
14 
16 
18 
22 
26 
23 
30 
34 
37 
41 
44 
48 
52 
66 






"36" 
50 
75 

100 

100 

110 

130 

160 

200 

240 

280 

320 

360 

400 

440 

500 

550 

600 

700 

850 

1,000 

1,150 

1,300 

1,450 

1,600 

2,000 

2,500 


"156 

200 

300 

400 

500 

600 

700 

800 

900 

1,100 

1,300 

1,450 

1,600 

1,750 

1,900 

2,100 

2,300 

2,5' 

2,700 

2,900 

3,100 

3,300 

3,500 

3,700 

3,900 

4,300 






4,700 



% inch and smaller chains are made of full size iron; all other 
Tasted to the English Admiralty Standard. 



sizes exact. 



German Coil Chain, 



Wire Gauge I 5| 6 | 7 | 8 I 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 

Number I 000 I 00|0|ll 2 I 3 | 4 | 5 

W ^hTin"lbl^fT00fiet^7r 37 ) 30* 1 24 | 19 | U% | 11* | 8% | 7 
Breaking Strength | 695 I 580 J 520 | 488 | 360 | 322 | | 



16 
I 4* 



53 



THAVEHS BBOTHERS, 

1C7 DUANE ST., and 16 THOMAS ST.. 

^"iHSXTCT YORK, 
MANUFACTURERS AND SOLE AGENTS FOR 




Mexican Hammocks. 
Peerless Hammock Spreaders. 

ANCHOR HAMMOCK ROPES. 

Liberty Mills Twines ail Ms. 

HARMONY MILLS TWINES AND CORDS. 

mitut tit tiuii mm. 

Gem Sea Island and Cotton Twines. 

PEERLESS HAMMOCK HOOKS. 



THE SILVER LAKE COMPANY'S 

SOLID BRAIDED 

i aid urn. 





Office and Salesrooms: 
107 Duane Street 

16 Thomas Street, 

3N"3BT*7" YORK CITY. 




ffiL 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



APPROXIMATE WEIGHT and STRENGTH of CORDAGE. 

Furnished by L Waterbury & Co., New York City. 



Circum- 
ference in 
inches. 


Diameter 

in 
inches. 


Weight of 

100 f at'ms 

or 600 ft. 

in lbs. 


Weight 
of 100 
Fat'ms, 
Tarred 
in lbs. 


Strength 
of New 
Ropes, 
in lbs. 


No. of feet in 1 lb. 


6 thd. 


t S 3 ^. 


12 


17 


640 


50 feel 




9 " 


i " 


18 


24 


780 


33 " 


4 in. 


12 " 


A " 


24 


34 


1000 


25 " 




15 «« 


1 " 


30 


45 


1289 


20 " 




li in. 


A " 


37 


50 


1562 


17 " 


8 in. 


li " 


i " 


46 


55 


2250 


13 " 




If " 


A** 


65 


85 


3062 


9 " 


3 in. 


2 " 


f" 


80 


100 


4000 


7 " 


6 in. 


2\ « 


I " 


98 


125 


5000 


6 " 




2£ " 


H " 


120 


155 


6250 


5 " 




2i " 




142 


190 


7500 


4 " 


3 in. 


3 " 


l " 


170 


225 


9000 


3 " 


6 in. 


31 '• 


It's " 


200 


265 


105GQ 


3 l4 




S| « 


1* " 


230 


300 


12250 


2 " 


7 in. 


S| " 


li " 


271 


3S0 


14000 


2 " 


3 in. 


4 " 


14" 


310 


405 


16000 


1 " 


11 in. 


4* •« 


if •• 


346 


455 


18062 


1 '* 


8 in. 


*t " 


l| «• 


390 


510 


20250 


1 " 


6 in. 


4J « 


1A" 


435 


575 


22500 


1 " 


5 in. 


5 " 


if « 


480 


640 


25000 


1 u 


3 in. 


5£ « 


li » 


581 


775 


30250 


1 " 




6 " 


2 » 


678 


930 


36C00 




10§ in. 


6} " 


2i » 


797 


1075 


42250 




9 in. 


7 " 


2i " 


920 


1245 


49000 




7§in. 


7* » 
8* " 


2* « 


1106 


1405 


56250 




6* in. 
5^ in. 


2| « 


1265 


1600 


64000 




8^ " 


2| '« 


1420 


1780 


72250 




5 in. 


9 " 


3 " 


1572 


2030 


81000 




44 in. 


9* " 


H •• 


1760 


2285 


90250 




4 in. 


10 " 


Sf » 


1951 


2550 


100000 




3Un. 



The relative strength of Manila to Sisal is about as 7 is to 5 ; or Manila 
is about 25 per cent, stronger than Sisal. Hawser-laid Rope will weigh 
one-sixth lees. 



Number of Eailroad Spikes Used to One Mile of Track, 



Size 

measured 

under head. 



5 if, 
5 ±i 
H^ 

4xJ 

MA 

* 2 X l'l 

4 x£ 

3 x^ 



Average 
No. per keg 
of 200 lbs. 



375 
400 
450 
530 



720 
900 
1000 
1190 
1240 
1342 



Ties 2 feet between centers, 

4 spikes per tie makes 

per mile. 



5870 lbs=2S^ kegs. 



5170 • 


' -.=26 " 


4660 ' 


' =23£ » 


3960 ' 


' =20 " 


3520 ' 


' =i7j " 


3110 « 


' =m •« 


2910 ' 


< =141 « 


2350 ' 


' =n « 


2090 ' 


' =10i " 


1780 k 


' = 9 >« 


1710 ' 


' = H " 


1575 ' 


= *s 



Rail used, 

weight 
per yard. 



45 to 70 
40 to 56 
35 to 40 
28 to 35 
24 to 35 

20 to 30 

16 to 25 

16 to 20 
12 to 18 



SEE PAGE 110, 



55 



The Star Scissors and Shears. 



MANUFACTURED BY 



W. SCHOLLHORN & CO,, 

NEW HAVEN, CONN. 




The Most Extensive Makers of Strictly First-Class Shears in America. 

Complete Line of Ladies', Embroidery, Pocket,Buttonhole,Nail and Editors' 

Scissors ; Tailors' Points, Straight and Bent Trimmers ; Barbers', 

Bankers', Paper and Pruning Shears. 



NEW MODEL EXGELSIOR SPRIiG DIVIDER 
With Adjustable Leg. 




This new device of adjustment makes this Divider 
practically a "Spring Divider," and adaptable for 
fine adjustments, and a desirable tool for every Me- 
chanic and Draftsman, especially so when used in 
connection with our well-known Excelsior Pencil Holder, as represented in cut. The 
segment fastening on this Divider is also known to the trade as superior to any other, 
and the points, which are the most essential feature on a tool of this kind, are made of 
Stubb's Steel Wire, tempered and inserted two inches into each leg, which produces 
the best point, whether used on metal or wood. 

Manufactured by 

W. SCHOLLHORN <5c CO., 

NEW HAVEN, CONN. 



[HOPKINS' 


HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. |] 












FROM BROWN & SHARPE 






TABIiE 


OF DECIMAL EQUIV 

, leths, 32nds and 64ths of a 


ALENTS. 


of 8ths 


n Inch. 




FOR 08E IN CONNECTION WITH 






MICROMETER. CALIPER. 




8ths. 


32nds. 


64ths. 


64ths. 


£=.125 


^=.03125 


^=.015625 


H= 


.515625 


i=.250 


&=. 09375 


&=. 046875 


.546875 


f=.375 


&=. 15625 


<£r=. 078125 


.578125 


£=.500 


^=.21875 


?*=. 109375 


n= 


.609375 


£=.625 


~h=. 28125 


&=. 140625 


H= 


.640625 


$=.750 


H=- 34375 


H=. 171875 


ff= 


.671875 


£=.875 


&= .40625 


£f=. 203125 


.703125 


16ths. 


H=. 46875 


^=.234375 
H=. 265625 


H= 


.734375 


tV=.0625 


H=. 53185 


11= 


.765625 


A=.1875 


H=. 59375 


£f=. 296875 


H- 


.796875 


!%=.3125 


§|=. 65625 


fi=. 328125 


aa=s= 

64 


.828125 


f 6 -=.4375 


|f =.71875 


|i=. 359375 


tf= 


.859375 


i y 6 =.5625 


§f=. 78125 


§*=. 390625 


«== 


.890625 


H=-6875 


f$=. 84375 


££=. 421875 


p= 


.921875 


j|=.8125 


B=. 90625 


§2=. 453125 


R= 


.953125 


if=.9375 


fi=- 96875 


H=. 484375 


M= 


.984375 


OF MILLIM 


TABLE OF DECIMAL EQUIVALENTS 

ETERS AND FRACTIONS OF MI] 

FOR U«I IN CONNECTION WITH 


liLIMEI 


?ERS, 


METE 


IC MICROMETER C&.Z 


jIPE 


E*. ! 


mm. Inches. 


mm. Inches. 


mm. Inches. 


mm. 


Inches. 


^=.00079 


£#=. 01575 


£§=.03071 


9= 


.35433 


&=. 00157 


fj=. 01654 


|g=. 03150 


10= 


.39370 


*V=. 00236 


f*=. 01732 


tt=- 03228 


11= 


.43307 


Trtr=. 00315 


B= .01811 


££=.03307 


12= 


.47244 


&=. 00394 


f£=. 01890 


£$=. 03386 


13= 


.51181 


&=. 00472 


flj=. 01969 


*J=. 03465 


14= 


.55118 


^=.00551 


H=. 02047 


££=.03543 


15= 


.59055 


- 6 %=. 00630 


M=- 02126 


M=- 03622 


16= 


.62992 


&=. 00709 


£$=. 02205 


H=. 03701 


17= 


.66929 


H=. 00787 


H=- 02283 


H=. 03780 


18= 


.70866 


H=. 00866 


f£=. 02362 


££=.03858 


19= 


.74803 


H=. 00945 


^=.02441 


.1=. 03937 


20= 


.78740 


H=. 01024 


£§=. 02520 


2=. 07874 


21= 


.82677 


H=. 01102 


§$=.02598 


3=. 11811 


22= 


.86614 


H=.0H81 


§£=•02677 


4=. 15748 


23= 


.90551 


M=- 01260 


§$=.02756 


5=. 19685 


24= 


.94488 


H=. 01339 


fft=. 02835 


6=. 23622 


25= 


.98425 


H=. 01417 


££=.02913 


7=. 27559 


26=1.02 


H=- 01496 


§§=.02992 


8=. 31496 








L0 mm. = 1 Centimeter =* 0.3937 inche 


». 






10 cm. a 1 Decimeter = 3.937 " 








LOdm. =1 Meter =39.37 - 




i 


' 


25.4 mm. = 1 English Inch. 







57 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



OVAL SLIDE VISES. 

SIZES OF SCREWS AND LENGTH OF JAWS. 



Nos 



00 I | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 



Sizes of Screws... inches | ^ 



11.1* 



Length of Jaws... inches | 2 | 2j 



I 3h 



I 4* 



Weight, pounds | 7$ | 11 1 18 | 29 | 36j | 54 

SOLID BOX VISES. 

LENGTH OF JAWS TO EACH SIZE MANUFACTURED. 

Nos | 25 1 30 | «5 I 40 I 45 I 50 I 55 I 60 [ 675 

Length of Jaws.. .inches | 3f | 3j| 3| | 4 [ 4j | 4j | 4^ | 4f]T^ 



SOLID BOX VISES. — (CONTINUED.) 



Nos | 70 1 75 1 80 | 85 | 90 1 95 1 100 | 105 [ 110 

Lg'th of Jaws, inches | 5 [5 [ 5j | 5* | 5£ | 5* | 6 | 6 j 6j 

SOLID BOX VISES. — (CONTINUED.) 



Nos | 115 I 120 j 125 | 130 | 135 | 140 | 145 



Length of Jaws.... inches | 6$ \ Q\\ 6£| 6* | 6$ | 7 

SOLID BOX VISES. — (CONTINUED.) 



Nos | 150 1 160 I 170 I 180 j 190 j 200 

LengthofJaws inches | 7 | 7| | 7£ | 8 ■ | 8 | 8 



BOXES AND SCREWS. 



Diam. 

If 

1 

H 

2 



of Screw. 

inch. No. 1, for Vises from No. 30 to No. 

55 to 



75 to 

90 to 

105 to 

130 to 

200 to 



50 
70 
85 
100 
125 
195 
250 



Rope and Iron-Strapped Taekle Blocks. 

DIAMETER OF SHEAVES -AND SIZE OF ROPE TAKEN BY EACH. 



Lg'th of Blocks... inches | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 [8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 



Diam. of Wheels., inches j 2£ [ 3 1 3^ | 4*- | 5 | 5jj | 6\ | 7| | 8 
Diam. of Kope.... inches | j\ $| * | 1\1 \l | If | 1«H 1± 



THICK MORTISE 


BLOCKS. 

| 10 | 11 


12 


15 ' 


Length of Blocks inches | 9 


Diameter of Wheels inches | 5£ 


i «± i n 


8 




Diameter of Bope inches | 1£ 


i n i u 


H 1 


_ 



56 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



PERKINS HORSE SHOES. 

Weight expressed in ounces. 



Front Shoes, No. 





1 


2 


3 


4 


5 


G 


7 


8 


Light 


13 


15 
17 
19 


17 
20 
22 


21 
24 
27 


24 
28 
32 


29 
34 
36 


35 
38 
41 


49 










54 






Hind Shoes, No.. 





1 


2 


3 


4 


5 


G 


7 


8 


light 


10 


12 
14 
14 


15 
1G 

17 


18 
20 
21 


22 
24 
25 


26 

28 
30 


CI 
33 
34 


38 




Medium 




Heavy 


43 






Mule, No 

Front Shoes 


1 
10 


2 
12 


3 
15 


4 

18 


5 
22 


G 
25 


7 
29 







"Ausable" Horse Shoe Nails. 

8TANDABD SIZES. 



No 


4 


5 


6 


7 


s 


9 


10 


12 




•|.| 




Length in inches. 
Number in pound 


11 
276 


168 


138 


2j 

110 


2/ 6 
96 


9 9 

^i 6 

80 


73 


3 A 
57 



WEIGHT OF TROTV TIRE 


.—Per Set of 54 feet. 


Size. 


Lbs. 


Size. 


Lbs. 


Size. 


Lbs. 


i *-A- 


34 


• Hxi 


56 


1 't5 


169 


1 x| 


45 


X 4 X X 


70 


1 5 t' 


148 


1 *ft 


56 


85 


1*X* 


183 


1 x£ 


68 


U*ft 


99 


1W 


158 


l*xl 


50 


lix* 


113 


ljxfl 


197 


Uxft 


63 


l|xf 


93 


l|x| 


236 


1-1 xt 


75 


Ifxi 


124 


2 x| 


180 




88 


l|x| 


101 


2 x2 


225 


Hx-i 


101 


Hxi 


135 


2 x$ 


270 



WEIGHT OF STEEL TIRE.- 


Per Set of 54 feet. 




Size. 


Lbs. 


Size. 


Lbs. 


1 Size. 


Lbs. 


Size. 


Lbs. J 


Size. 


Lbs. 


t*A 


7^ 


#xA 


Hi 


■to* 

X A X 


154 


Mt 


22f 


ix,V 


35* 


a T .a 


13V 


^xi- 


18 


4 x :)l 


22 


%*& 


27 


ixi 


35* 


«x& 


15JI 


*x£ 


20i 


7—5 


25 


■ «x^ 


30* 


£x± 


40* 


1 x^ 


23 v 


J x 32 


29* 


lx, 3 . 


35* 


1 xh 


424 


1 xi 


47* 


i xA- 


58^ IHxft 


404 1 


H*i 


54 


H*** 


67A 


Hx| 


81 


Hx| 


5.) | 


lfeft 


74 1 


Mx'| 


88* 


1U% 


98 ! 


i*x 3 


107 


l*x& 


124 


Uxi 


142 1 


wxi 


154 


Ifxi 165 I 


2 x* 


190 



Have a clean fire, and weld with equal parts of Borax, Salt and Sand. 



59 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



Standard Sizes of Circular Saw Mandrels. 

• 


No. 


S 5? 


o ►» 

§ 1 


H O 


§ a 


ft ° 


02 .2 


1 


2h ins. 


3£ ins. 


2£ ins. 


14 ins. 


1 1-16 in 


1 in. 


2 


3 ' s 


i " 


3 " 


16 " 


1 3-16 " 


1* ' 




3 


3k " 


H " 


3£ « 


18 " 


1 5-16 " 


l| ' 




4 


4 " 


5 " 


4 " 


20 " 


1 7-16 " 


1 5-16 ' 




5 


H " 


5* " 


4i " 


22 " 


1 7-16 " 


I 5-16 ' 




6 


5 " 


6 " 


5 " 


24 " 


1 7-16 " 


If < 




7 


5* •■ 


6* « 


H " 


26 " 


1 7-16 " 


H ' 




8 


6 " 


7 " 


6 " 


28 " 


1 9-16 " 


ll 




9 


7 " 


8 " 


6 " 


32 " 


1 11-16" 


1* ' 




10 


8 " 


8 " 


6 " 


36 " 


i 13-16" 


H ! 




TV hen Ordering Circular Saws, 


■'( 

li 


The following directions should be explicitly given : 


Diameter of Saw in inches. 


Thickness (or Gauge) of Saw at Kim. 


Thickness (or Gauge) of Saw at Centre. 


Log side, right or left hand, saw cutting towards you. 


Number of Teeth in Saw. 


Kind and number of Tooth. 


Size of mandrel hole. 


Size of pin hole. 


Distance between pin holes from centre to centre. 


Standard Gauges for Circular and Mill Saws. 


Gauge. 


Gauge. 


No. 4 \ inch, scant. 


No. 11 £ inch, scant. ! 


" 5 7-32 " 


" 12 3-32 " fuU. 


" 6 3-16 '• full. 


" 13 3-32 " scant. 1 


" 7 3-16 " scant. 


" 14 5-64 " full. 


" 8 5-32 " 


" 15 5-64 " scant. 


11 9 5-32 " scant. 


" 16 1-16 " full. 1 


"10 £ " full. 


1 

t 



61 




L&I.J.WHITE, 

BUFFALO, N. Y. 



Manufacturers 
of 



EDGE TOOLS, 



Coopers', Carpenters' and Ship Tools, Plane Irons. 
Cleavers, &c. Full Line Chisels. 



TRAUTWINE'S 

CM Engineer's PocM Book 

of Mensuration, Trigonometry, Surveying, 
Hydraulics, Hydrostatics, Instruments and 
their adjustments, Strength of Materials, 
Masonry, Principles of Wooden and Iron 
Roof and Bridge Trusses. Stone Bridges 
and Culverts, Trestles, Pillars, Suspension 
Bridges, Dams, Railroads, Turnouts, Turn- 
ing Platforms, Water Stations, Cost of 
Earthwork, Foundations, Retaining Walls, 
etc. 

In addition to which the elucidation of 
certain important Principles of Construc- 
tion is made in a more simple manner 
than heretofore. 

By J. C. TRAUTWINE, C. E. 

12mo, Morocco Flaps, Gilt Edges, 
28th thousand, Revised and Enlarged. 

With New Illustrations by J, C, Trautwme, Jr., C. E, 

1887. Price, $5.00. 



Sent postpaid, on receipt of Price, by 

HEM HOPKINS & CO., 

Booksellers and Publishers, 

99 Reade St., New York. 



HEADQUARTERS for CLIPPERS 




For Horsemen anil Barters. 

LARGEST VARIETY. 

FINEST QUALITY. 
Every Clipper Tested. 

Jesse Lee & Sons, 

Sole Agts. for Manufrs and Patentees, 

37 South 4th St., Philadelphia. 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



Standard Length of Cut of Hatchets and 
Bench Axes. 



Nos 






1 


1 




! 


2 


1 3 


Shingling 






1 


3j 




1 


34 


| 4f inches. 


Claw 






1 


*k 




1 


3£ 


| 4§ inches. 








Half 






1 


H 




1 


H 


| 4§ inches. 


Lath 






! 


n 




1 


n 


| 3 inches. 




No 


.... | 1 


1 2 | 


3 


1 ^ | 


6 


1 6 


1 7 


8 | 9 


Bench 


... |3| 


\H\ 


5 


|S*I 


G 


l«f 


| 7| | 8± | 9 inches. 



Weights of Washoe (Adz Eye) Picks. 







RAILROAD PICK?. 








Nos 





I | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 


6 


7 


8 


Weight... 




5 | 5* | 6 | f> | 7 | 


H 


8 


8£ lbs. 


MINING OB DRIFTING PICKS. 




Nos | 


1 


2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 


7 


8 


9 


Weight | 


3 


3}| 4 | 4£ | 5 | 5} | 


6 


«* 


7 lbs. 


POLL PICKS. 




Nos | 


1 


2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 


7 


8 


9 


Weight | 3£ 


4 | 4£ 1 5 | 5*| 6 1 


6* 


7 


7* lbs. 



COAL PICKS. 




Nos | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 


1 6 


Weight | 3£ | 4 | 4J | 5 | 6 


! G£ lbs. 


Coes* (Genuine) Wrenches. 

WILL TAKE NUTS OF THB FOLLOWING SIZES: 


Size of Wrench | 4 | 6 | 8 | 10 | 12 | 15 | 18 


| 21 in. 


Size of Nuts.... | £ | £ \ 1$ | If | 2£ | 2f | 3 


1 Hm. 


Cast Steel Crowbars. 


Size Inches | $ | | | 1 | 1$ | U | 


Ill 1* 


Usual Weight Lbs. J 6 | 8 | 10 | 13 | 17 j 


22 | 26 



Usual Length Inches | 44 | 48 | 52 | 55 | 58 | 66 |^72 



63 



NEW MODEL, 

For Touring and Vacation Trips, or for Every-Day Shooting. 

With BEACH & VERNIER 

Weight from 2 to 2&lbs. 22 or 32 Calibre, 




We can supply a fine Leather Case for $1.50, so 
Rifle can be Swung Across Back. 

Over 10,000 of these Little Favorites have been sold here and 
abroad within the past few years. 

Send for Illustrated Price-List of Fire-Arms. 



J. STEVENS ARMS AND TOOL COMPANY, 



P. 


O. BOX 4950, CHICOPEE FALLS, MASS. 




shers, having made every effort to 
ok an acceptable gift to the Dealer 
sent, would be pleased to receive 
>stal card acknowledgment of its 
arrived. 


PREMIUM 

Spring Whiffletree Hooks. 


s 

I 

o 
& 

H 
O 

PQ 

> 

'3 
o 

2 

o 

1 

% 

% 

>> 


Advertisers for Catalogues, just 
ng seen the advertisement in 

Handy Notes and Queries/' 


The Publi 
make this Bo 
to whom it is 
in reply a pc 
having safely 


MANUFACTURED BY 

HEADS IRON FOUNDRY 

UTICA, W. TC. 


WRITING TO 

mention havi 

" Hopkins' 


See Page 100. 


See Page 1 00. 



Snell Manufacturing Co., Fiskdale, Mass., 

MANUFACTURERS OF 

Ship Angers, Aier Bits, Boring; Machines and. Boring Implements. 



ESTABLISHED 1790. 

First Premium Awards: Mabs., 1841, 1848, 1850. International Ex., Paris, 

1878. Centennial Ex., Philadelphia, 1876. 



Manufacturers of Car Bits, Jennings's Pattern Auger Bits, Boring Machine Augers, Carpen- 
ters' Augers, Mill Augers, Rafting Augers, Gimlets and Gimlet Bits and Screw Driver 
Bits. All kinds of Machine Bits made to order. All goods made of the best 
quality of Cast Steel and warranted. First Premium Medals taken for 
Superior Quality and Excellency of Finish. 

New York Office, 72 Reade Street, New York. 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES' AND QUERIES. 



Molasses Gates. 



No. 



Inside Diameter | 13-16 



l ix i m 



\% 



Bote. 



1* I 



1% 



I \% | 1 13-16 



John Wilson's English Butcher Knives. 

LENGTH OF BLADE CF EACH NO. 

No I 0-26 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 



Length | 4# \ 



I 5V | 5J6 | 



6% inches. 



No. 



| 43 | 44 



45 | 46 | 47 | 48 | 



| S6 



Length.. | 



| 8 | 9 | 10 J 11 | 12 



Eley Bros.' ( u E. B.") Percnssion Caps 

ABE NT7MBEBED IN THIS MANNER : 

Smallest.. | No. | 9 | 24 | 10 [ 11 | 18 | 18 | 13 | 14 | ..Larg^F. 

English Gun Gauge. 

SIZES EXPRESSED IN PARTS OP AN INCH. 



Nun ber. 



Bore.. | 5 | 6 | 



9 | 11 | 15 | 19 1 25 | 36 | 52 | 90 | 140 | 3 



Inch .. | 1 | 15-16 | % | 13-16 J \ 1 11-16 | % | 9-16 | X | 7-16 | % | 5-16 | jf 

The Sizes of Skates 

COMPARE WITH SIZES OF SHOPS AS FOLLOWS : 



Skates, Inches.. | 7 | 7# | 8 | 8* | 9 | 9^ I 10 1 10/4 I 11 |H* 
Shoe", No |9X | 11 | 18fr | 1 1 8t | 4 | b% | 1* | 9 |10^ 

Plate and Bedstead Casters. 

SIZE, IN INCHES, OF WHEELS OF PACH. 



Plate ....No I 



Si5 



I IX 



J x 4 



1 7-16 



IX 



Bedstea.1, Old No. | 1^.0 | 1^.1 | 1^.2 | 2 in [iinl | 2 in 2_|^iu_ heavy: 
Ntw" | 101 | 108 | 103 | 104 | 105 | lOS | 107 



Siz^ I IX 1 IX I IX | IX I Ui I 



■8* 



Hatter's Size Measure. 

To obtain the correct size cf the head, use a strip of paper— newspaper 
will ao. Draw it tightly arouLd the largest part of the head, and have the 
ends just meet. Then measure the length of the paper and the figures be- 
low will give you the size according to hatter's measure. An eighth of an 
inch either way will make no difference. These measures will answor for 
any style of hat or cap made : 



18 % inches is 5% 



19 

19% 

19 X 

80* 

80* 

81 

81K 



.6 

6* 

• 6% 
■ 6X 

• 6*4 

.6* 

• 6% 



82* inches is 7 



22* 

23 

23% 

23* 

24 

24* 

25 

25 H 



■ 7X 

• 7* 
.1% 

• 7X 

• 756 

• TX 

• IX 
.8 



65 



"WESTERN" FILES, 

Warranted the Best in the Market, 



FOR SALE BY 



Iron and Hardware Dealers 



TBR01GH01T THE EXITED STATES AKD CANADA. 




lflEKr HORSE W.1BMW 



SUPERIOR QUALITY. 



WESTERN FILE CO., Limited, 



PENNSYLVANIA. 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



W 



o 

w 
55 

Q 

cc 

Q 

H 

DC 

O 

w 







.2 .2 .2 .2 .2 2 .2* 

XXXXXX X 

1 |- ,)«>•■<« 






a a d a s a a a 








jad«x 


aaaaaaaaa 




^•.O Joj -Hl-r _J»J _>» -i MCOlM^j 1 * H« 


X 


aad«x 
TBpnSan 


.2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 


s 

1 

q 

v. 

c 
o 




.2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 


p 
c 


•exeribg 

pun 
puno-jj 


.2 .2* .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2' .2 .2 .2 .2 

-IX ,J» '.O ''N-'W_/N >f| -.c:<;|X t J'-a-*N "-C-OlOD-IMnl^ 
TOfl ,— .C5 " i« >< ,-» .•-< H» 


¥ 


•ptmo-jj 
Jl*H 


a' a a a a a a a a' a a a' a' a 


« 

a. 

5 
Pi 

09 


XXX xxxxxxxxxxx 


S-. 


•pn«H 


d a a aaaaaaaaa a a 


u 

a 
m 

c 

cc 
ea 

■P 


*T« ...» Tsa '", — fc ,« -jt iM-ne" 3 !— w m» H» : - 
^•a -<* tela w-r.-r.cHx «£«fe' <» ^^jwH^afc 


03 

s 


•»«IJ 


a a a a a a a a a a a a a a 


63 


XXX XXXXXXXXXXX 






a ^j 
a 

.2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2' .2' .2 

HS *& H» ^»^»H«"^» e 1— ^a^-^o-t*®!"-^ 

X X X XXXXXX XX XXX 

— lo> Jw — I* «ctxo»*«)(enao gi**} "** "^tt ^* 




•q^SnaT; 


.2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .9 .9 .9 .9 .2 .9 .9 .2 .2 .2 .2 



«h a 

C ci 



+4 a 

■ tc 
of o oc 
^ -a ^ 

= If 
3' 8,; 

*» *- ^ 

a - m 
S ,- a 

«> a 'r£ 

o a w 
a a a 
c o o 
wtM & 
a ^ >h 

S g s 



o 



OS ^ 

a -TO 

fe Se a 

2 P >> 

o a ? 

.5 &-= 
tfl^ a 

?• ^ OJ 

a « a 

rn **^ *a 



.2 s a 



67 



WILEY & RUSSELL MFG. CO. 

MANUFACTURERS OF PATENT 

Screw-Cutting and Other Labor-Saving 

MACHINERY AND TOOLS 




" LIGHTNING.'" 

(TRADE MASK.) 



GREEN RIVER.' 

(TRADEMARK.) 




The Celebrated Lightning and Green River 

Screw Plates. Lightning Bolt-Cutters for 

HAND and POWER use, Fine Taps and 

Dies, Reamers and Countersinks, Punching Presses, Green River 

Drilling Machines, Tire-Benders, Tire-TJpsettebs, etc., etc. 



BOTTOMING. 





■~m^rrm++++++* 



TAPER. 



liilll 






nnmvmmmt 



SEND FOR NEW PRICE-LIST. 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES.) 



PROPORTIONS FOR UNITED STATES STANDARD 

SCREW THREADS AND NUTS. 

From Hoopes & Townsend. 



Diam. 


Thr'ads 


Diaraet'r 










of 


per 


at root of 


Short 


Long 


Long 


Thick- 


Screw. 


inch. 


Thread. 


Diame'tr 


Diamet'r 


Diamet'r 


ness. 


i 


20 


.185 


£ 


li- 
ft 


i 

4 


tV 


18 


.240 


it 


I 

I I 


iV 


a 

8 


16 


.294 


H 


n 


£3- 


8 


TS 


14 


.344 


It 


q 

TV 


1A 


7 


2 


13 


.400 




1 


i« 


i 


TF 


12 


.454 


ii 


H 


if! 


Tff 


g 


11 


.507 


i-iV 


1& 


i* 


| 


i 

8 


10 


.620 


H 


ltV 


ill 


3 
4 


9 


.731 


i 1A , 


1H 


«A 


L 

8 


1 


8 


.837 


if 


i! 


«H 


1 


1* 


7 


.940 


HI 


2& 


2& 


11 


ll 


7 


1.065 


2 


2fr 


2|| 


If 


6 


1.160 


2i 3 6 - 


2H 


3A- 


11 


H 


6 


1.284 


2f 


21 


3f4 


H 


if 


^ 


1.389 


2& 


^32 


3| 


H 


if 


5 


1.491 


21 


3t\ 


3H 


U 


11 


5 


1.616 


all 


3| 


4& 


12 


2 


44 


1.712 


3£ 


4H 


2 


2* 


H 


1.962 


3* 


4|V 


4.§4. 


2| 


2^ 


4 


2.176 


3| 


4* 


5 ai 


2£ 


2* 


4 


2.426 


4i 


*ll 


6 


24 


3 


3i 


2.629 


4* 


5f 


6^- 


3 


3-1 


3* 


2.879 


5 


5+1 


7ii> 


3i 


H 


34 


3.100 


5| 


6ft 


714 


3* 


H 


3 


3.317 


5^ 


6H 


81 


3^ 


4 


3 


3.567 


6, L 


7& 


8H 


4 



BLOCK TIN PIPE 



Wt. per ft 
lbs. oz. 



* in. strong 

^ inch ex-strong .... 

double ex-strong . 

i~ 6 - in.dou'le ex-strong 

§ in. ex-strong 

double ex-strong.. 
^ in. strong 

ex-strong 



Wt. per ft 



2* 

5 

6 

6 

8 

6* 

10 



i in. double ex-strong 

%■ in PT.ofrnna 



CALIBEK. 



in. uuuuic CJ 

| in. ex-strong , 

double ex-strong . ... 

\ in. ex-strong 

double ex-strong 

1 in. double ex-strong 
double ex-strong.... 



15 
9 

14 

11 


14 
4 



CAST IRON BALLS.-WEICHT. 



2 in. diam. 
2j in. diam. 

3 in. diam. 
3^ in. diam. 

4 in. diam. 



LBS. 

1.09 
2.13 

3.68 
5.84 

8.73 



4£ in. diam . 

5 in. diam , 
5£ in. diam , 

6 in. diam 



69 



LBS. 

12.42 
17.04 
22.68 
29.48 



6£ in. diam. 

7 in. diam. 
1\ in. diam. 

8 in. diam. 



LBS. 

37.44 
46.76 
57.52 
69.81 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



TABLE 

SHOWING THE AVERAGE NUMBER OF COLD-PRESSED NUTS IN A KEG, ICO LBS. 
EACH, SQUARE AND HEXAGON , OF STANDARD 8IZE8, 

As adopted by "The Association of Bolt and Not Manufacturers of U. S." 



Width. Thickness. 



1 

H 

if 

H 
if 

4 
i| 

2 
2 

al 

3 

H 

3f 

4 



Hole. 



3V 



a a 

25 



H 

15. 
1 6 

1ft 

ift 

1ft 

1ft 
1ft 
1ft 
lrf 

Hi 



Bolt. 


No. of 
Square. 
45,000 


i 


-i. 


22,500 


i. 


10,000 


5 


5,106 


3 
8 


2,727 


ft 


1,904 


J 


1,695 


h 


1,218 


ft 


1,016 




885 


| 


638 


3 
I 


450 


368 


I 


260 


1 


243 


1 


249 


1 


163 


1* 


143 


If 


109 


If 


85 


14; 


84 


if 


55 


1* 


51 


If 


39 


13 


32 


11 


28 


2 


20 



No. of 
Hexagon 



10,500 

6,666 

4,528 

2,057 

1,890 

1,538 

1,245 

957 

740 

555 

430 

270 

252 

257 

204 

168 

150 

120 

93 

60 

56 

44 

35 

30 

22 



Taper and Ping Taps— Standard \umber of Threads to the Inch. 



Size 
Inches 



"i tf 
i 

ft 
1 

3 

ft 

H 
1 
i- 

1 



EIGHT HAND. 



LEFT HANI). 





24 


16 


18 


16 


18 


16 


18 


14 


16 


14 


16 


14 




12 


14 


9 


10 


10 




9 


10 


8 


9 


8 





30 

26 
20 
20 
20 
IS 
18 

16 
12 



14 



24 



26 



14 

12 

12 

10 

10 

9 

8 
8 
6 



14 

12 
12 

9 
9 
7.8 



70 



j HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES' AND QUERIES. 



TABLE 

Showing the Average Number of Washers in a 
Keg o* 150 Pounds, of Each Standard Size. 



AS ADOPTED BY 

The Association of Bolt and Nut Manufacturers of the 
United States." 



Diameter. 


Size of 


Thicknes 


Size of Bolt 


No. in 150 




Hole. 


Wire Gauge, 




pounds. 


1 


i 


No. 18 


3 

1 i> 


80,000 


| 


A. 


" 16 


i 


34.285 


I 

I 


.ft. 


" 16 


1 


22.000 


| 


" 16 


.a. 


18,500 


1 


7. 


" 14 


8 


10,550 


li 


* 


" 14 


.7. 


7,500 


if 


"1% 


" 12 


2 


4,500 


if 


u 


" 12 


9 


3,850 


if 


" 10 




2,500 


2 


H 


" 10 


J 

8 


1,600 


H 


n 


" 9 


1,300 


n 


ift 


" 9 


1 


950 


2| 


ii 


" 9 


If 


700 


3 


" 9 


ll 


550 


H 


ll 


" 9 


If 


450 



Standard Sizes of Heads for Bolts, 















Countersunk 


Diam. 
of 


Square 


Head. 


HexagonHead 


Button Head. 


Head, 


Bolt. 


WIDE. 


THICK. 


WIDE. 


THICK. 


WIDE. 


THICK. 


WIDE. 


THICK 


i 


ft 


-.v 


ft 


1 

4 


ii 


& 


4 


P 


fW 




i 


i 


16" 


1 6 


A 


f 


j 


i 


| 


i 

ire 


i 

8 


1 


1 
8 


A 
4 


t* 


4 




H 

i 

8 


ft 


1 


4 
ft 

ft 


I 


| 


i 


* 


1 


8 


4 


ft 


it 

if 


lb 


! 


1-1% 
i| 


i 


It 


I 

8 


i| 


i 

£ 

8 


a. 

8 

£ 

8 


1 


*• 


ift 

ltt 


1 


2£ 


! 






H 


if 


1 


u 










n 


if 


H 


ill 


M 











71 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



APPROXIMATE WEIGHTS OF STRAP AND T HINGES. 

Weight per dozen. Furnished by Stanley Works. 



HEAVY STRAP HINGES. 



Size. 



| 10 | 12 | 14 



Weight. | 6% | 10*9 I 1»X I 32M | 55j^ | 74X | S9% \ 103)$ 



16 | ins. 
TbeT 



EXTRA HEAVY T HINGES. 



Size. 



8 | 10 | 12 | 14 | 16 | 



Weight 



| 20 X | 34 X | 54 \ 78 



| 87X I lbs. 



STRAP AND T HINGES ARE COUNTERSUNK FOR SCREWS. 



Inches 



4 | 5 | 



| 10 | 12 | 14 J 16 | 18 



LightStrap Size Screws | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 12 | 13 | 13 | 



Heavy Strap. 



j 9 | 9 1 11 | 12 | 14 1 16 | 16 1 16 | 



Light T. 



| 7 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 9 ! 10 | 11 1 12 | | 



Heavy T. 



| | | 9 | 10 |11 | 12 | 13 | 13 j 13 



Extra Heavy T 



| 1 10 | 11 j 13 | 14 | 16 1 16 | 16 | 



Hinge H>isi»s. 



| 7 | | 9 | 10 | 10 | 12 | | | 



WROUGHT BUTTS— Countersunk for Screws. 

TABLE BUTTS AND BACK FLAPS. 

Inches | % | 1 | IX | IX 11% I IX I IX I I X 1 2% I 2 

SizeScrew | 6 |6|7|7|7|S|8|9 |9|9 

NARROW WROUGHT BUTTS. 

'inches. . | 1 I 1* | 1J* I IX I 2 | 2X | 2)4 | 2X I 3 | 33* | Z% | 3X I 4 | 4# I 5 | 5X I 6 



Screws.. |6 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 



I 9 ' 9 | 10 1 



I 12 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 



LIGHT NARROW AND LIGHT LOOSE PIN. 



Inch 



Screws . 



L* i i i i x i mi m i 2 

| 2| 3 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 6 



! 2# I 2X | 3 
I 6 I 6 | 7 



LOOSE PIN OR BROAD. 



Size. 



II 



2x2 


2*xfH 




3#x3 


4XX4X 


to 


to 


3x3 X 


to 


to 


2Xx2 


3x3 




4Xx4 


5* 



5x5 to Gx7 



Screws. 



| 10 | 11 | 1* | 13 | 



CAST BUTTS 



ABE COUNTERSUNK FOR SCREWS AS FOIXOWS 
NARROW. FAST OR LOOSE JOINT. 



Inch I IX | IX I 2 | 2X| 2X| 3 J 3X| 3* | 4 | 4X | 5 | 6 



Screws 



I 6 I 7 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 10 | 10| 10 | 12 1 14 | 12 



PARLIAMENT. 



Inch | 2Xto3X i 3Xand4 | 4Xto7% | 8 and 8X 



Screw 



10 



11 



BROAD, FAST. AND LOOSE JOINT AND LOOSE PIN. 



Inch. 



| 2x2to2Xx3 | 3i24to3Xx3X | 3Xx4 



Screw 



I 11 



loch | 3Xx5 | 4x3 | 4x3Xto4XR4H I 4Xx5 and opwards 

Screw | 10 j 10 j ~*fi j i3 



72 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



WROUGHT BRASS BUTTS. 

Width when Open, and Sizes of Screws Required. 

WIDTH OF BEASS BUTTS, WHEN OPEN. 

S i2e Inches | f j i |l 1 lj | i± | if | lljjjJjS 

Narrow Width | f j j [ j \ f 1 f | | | fHfTJ 

Middle | jf 1 || g | i\ i|i |i |i |i 

Broa <* 1 3 1 11 ill \TJT f\ H\ i^iij 

Desk I 1* I 1* I 1| I If 1 1» I 2 1 2$ | 2j | 2j 

Size Inches | If | 2 I H I 2£ | 2f | 3 | 3£ | 3£ | ... 

Narrow Width | 1 [1 | 1& | lfr| U I 1|| If j 2 | ... 

Mi ddle 1 lj | l i | lj 1 If 1 H I I f 1 1* I 2j 1 ... 

Broad 1 lj 1 lj j If | lj 1 l| | 1| 1 2 | 2} 1 .. 

Desk |2f [3 1 .. |... 1 ...[... |... j... j... 

BRASS BUTTS AUE COUNTERSUNK FOR SCREWS AS FOLLOWS : 

Size Inch | ±\ f | ^ 1 X 1 1& \ lj \ 1| | lfr | 1| 

Narrow.... Siz e of Screw 1 1 1 | 1 |2 | 2 |3 |4 | 4 | 4 

Middle ~ |Q [1 jl [2 |2 [3 |4 |4 |T" 

Broad [0 |1 |1 j 2 |2 [3 |4 |4 | 4 

Desk [1 [2 \2 [4 |4 |4 [4 |5 [5 

Size ..Inch | If | 1|| 2 | 2j | 2^ | 2f | 3 | 3j | 3^ 

Narr ow.... Size of Screw [4 [5 | 5 | 5 |6 | 6 | 7 | 7 «| 8 

Middle | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 8 

Broad |4 |5 |5 | 5 |6 |7 |7 |7 |8 

Desk | 6 | 6 | 7 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... 

EMERY AND CORUNDUM 

ARE RANKED OR GRADED AS FOLLOWS : 

Nos. 8-10 Represents a Wood rasp. 

" 16-20 " Rough file. 

" 24-30 " Middle cut file. 

11 36-40 " Bastard cut file. 

11 46-60 " Second cut file. 

" 70-80 " Smooth cut file. 

11 90-100 " Superfine cut file. 

" 120-FFF " Dead smooth file. 

Baeder & Adainson's Emery Paper and Cloth 

COMPARE WITH GRADE AS FOLLOWS : 

Nos | OOP | 00 | | 100 | | | 1 | H 1 2 | 2£ |~3 

Emery.... | Crocus | Flour | 12u | 100 | 90 | 80 | 70 | 60 | 54 | 46 



73 



IF YOO SELL SORE ^t'Ts. 

iuu u^u QR SH0J 




P3^ 

oo 



fc=J) 



Only Single Ring Ever Invented that Closes 
on the Outside of the Nose. 



c/d 



=3 
O 

o 






OP* 
9 



CO 
C5 



§3 




© ^ 






P=3 




BROWN'S ELLIPTICAL RING 

AND TRIPLE GROOVE BOS AND PIS RINGER. 

No sharp points in the nose to keep it sore. 

CHAMBERS, BERING, QUINLAN 00. 

DECATUR, ILLINOIS. 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES.] 



DIFFERENT STANDARDS FOR WIRE GAUGE IN DSE 
IN THE UNITED STATES. 



Dimensions of Sizes, in Decimal Parts of an Inch. 



u 3 


►48 

O fe ft 

*8 


3*i 

if* 


1 Wasbb'u & 
1 Moen Mfg. 
1 Co.,Worces- 
| ter, Mass. 


Trenton 

Iron Co., 

Trenton, 

N.J. 


G. W. Pren- 
tiss, Ho'.- 
yoke, Mass. 

1 Old Enclish 


3.2 

a * 


o ao 

Be 


000000 






.46 








000000 


ooooo 






.43 


.45 






ooooo 


0000 


.46 " ' 


'.ihi 


.393 


.4 






0100 


000 


.40964 


.425 


.362 


.36 


.3586 




000 


00 


.3648 


.38 


.331 


.33 


.3282 




00 





.32495 


.34 


.307 


.305 


.2994 







1 


.2893 


.3 


.283 


.285 


.2777 




1 


2 


.25763 


.284 


.263 


.265 


.2591 




2 


3 


.22942 


.259 


.244 


.245 


.2401 




3 


4 


.20431 


.238 


.225 


.225 


.223 


« 


4 


5 


.18194 


.22 


.207 


205 


.2047 




5 


6 


.16202 


.203 


.192 


.19 


1885 




6 


7 


.14428 


.18 


.177 


.175 


1758 




7 


8 


.12849 


.165 


.162 


.16 


.1605 




8 


9 


.11443 


.148 


.148 


.145 


.1471 




9 


10 


.10189 


.134 


.135 


.13 


.1351 




10 


11 


.090742 


.12 


.12 


.1175 


.1205 




11 


12 


.080808 


.109 


.105 


.105 


1065 




12 


13 


.071961 


.095 


.092 


.0925 


.0928 




13 


14 


.064084 


.083 


.08 


.08 


.0816 .C 


►83 


14 


15 


.067068 


.072 


.072 


.07 . 


.0726 .1 


72 


15 


16 


.05082 


.065 


.063 


.061 


.0627 .( 


65 


16 


17 


.045257 


.058 


.054 


.0525 


.0546 .C 


58 


17 


18 


.040303 


.049 


.047 


.045 


.0478 .C 


49 


18 


19 


.03589 


.042 


.041 


.04 


.0411 .( 


4 


19 


20 


.031961 


.035 


.035 


.035 


.0351 .C 


35 


20 


21 


.028462 


.032 


.032 


.031 


.0321 .( 


315 


21 


22 


.025347 


.028 


.028 


.028 


.029 .( 


>295 


22 


23 


.022571 


.025 


.025 


.025 


.0261 .( 


27 


23 


24 


.0201 


.022 


.023 


.0225 


.0231 .( 


25 


24 


25 


.0179 


.02 


.02 


.02 


.0212 .( 


23 


25 


26 


.01594 


.018 


.018 


.018 


.0194 .( 


205 


26 


27 


.014195 


.016 


.017 


.017 


.0182 .C 


1875 


27 


28 


.012641 


.014 


.01'; 


.016 


.017 .C 


165 


28 


29 


.011257 


.013 


.015 


.015 


.0163 .( 


155 


29 


30 


.010025 


.012 


.014 


.014 


.0156 .( 


1875 


30 


31 


.008928 


.01 


.0135 


013 


.0146 .( 


1225 


31 


32 


.00795 


.009 


.013 


.012 


.0136 .C 


1125 


32 


33 


.00708 


.008 


.011 


.011 


.013 .( 


1025 


n 


34 


.006304 


.007 


.01 


.01 


.0118 .( 


1095 


34 


35 


.005614 


.005 


.0095 


.0095 


.0109 .( 


09 


35 


36 


.005 


.004 


.009 


.009 


.01 .( 


075 


36 


37 


.004453 




.0085 


.0085 


.0095 .( 


065 


37 


38 


.003965 




.008 


.008 


.009 .( 


mis 


38 


39 


.003531 




.0075 


.0075 


.0083 .( 


K)5 * 


39 


40 


.003144 




.007 


.007 


.0078 .( 


045 


40 



75 



MERIDEN 

Cuffitjprs. 

The cutting edges 
will stand the hard- 
est use and aremuch 
more durable than 
any other made. 

When worn out can be repaired at slight expense, making tool as good as new. 

THE YANKEE EAVES TROUGH HANGERS 

Have stood the test of the New England climate for the last 15 years. Twice 
as many of the so-called cheap Hangers are required on a trough to give the 
same strength. These are much stronger than any other, are more convenient 




Imp'd Yankee Eaves 



Though Ranger. 




MeridExV, Conn- 



to put up, easily ad- 
justed, in short a per- 
fect article for hanging 
Eaves Troughs. Any 
tinner giving them a 
fair trial will use no 
other at any price. 
We shall soon have 



agents at all central points in the United States and Canada. If your whole- 
sale dealer doesn't'have them write us, and we will give you the address of our 
nearest agents, so you can order from them and save freight. Mention where you 
saw this advertisement. 




Northfield Knife Co. 



MANUFACTURERS OF 



WITH HAND-FORGED BLADES ONLY. 

SHEARS AND RAZOES, 

NORTHPIEUIJ, OONN. 

PREMIUMS AWARDED FOR EXCELLENCE: 

Exposition Universelle, International Exhibition, 



Centennial Exhibition, 
Phila., 1876. 



Paris, 1878. 



Melbourne, 1881. 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



Size, Weight, Length and Strength of Iron Wire. 



BIRMINGHAM WIRE GAUGE. 





1 

s 


Weight of 
100 Yards. 


o . 

.y a 
® _ 


Length of 
1 Bundle. 


Length of 
ICwt. 


L)IBECT S 


rRAIN. 


1 

5 

2 


Area of 
Section . 


M to 

%-z 


No. 


Inches. 


Lbs. 


Lbs. 


Yards. 


Yards. 


Sq. in, 


Lbs. 


5-0 


546 


161 CO 


2830 


39 


70 


163 


13070 


4-0 


425 


140 00 


2460 


45 


80 


142 


11350 


3-0 


394 


120 00 


2113 


52 


93 


122 


9755 


2-0 


363 


102 00 


1794 


62 


110 


103 


8280 





331 


84 72 


1490 


74 


132 


086 


0880 


1 


300 


68 75 


1210 


91 


162 


071 


5650 


9 


280 


59 90 


1054 


105 


187 


062 


4930 


3 


260 


51 65 


909 


121 


215 


053 


4250 


4 


240 


44 00 


775 


143 


255 


045 


3620 


5 


220 


37 00 


651 


170 


3C3 


038 


C040 


6 


200 


30 56 


538 


203 


361 


031 


2510 


7 


185 


26 15 


461 


239 


428 


0265 


2220 


8 


170 


22 10 


389 


286 


509 


023 


1840 


9 


155 


18 36 


323 


342 


609 


0195 


1560 


10 


140 


14 97 


264 


420 


747 


016 


1280 


11 


125 


11 95 


211 


529 


9C9 


0125 


1000 


12 


110 


9 24 


163 


700 


1244 


010 


800 


13 


095 


7 05 


124 


893 


1589 


0071 


568 


14 


085 


5 51 


97 


1142 


2031 


0057 


456 


15 


075 


4 29 


76 


1468 


2608 


0044 


352 


16 


065 


3 22 


57 


1954 


3473 


0033 


264 


17 


057 


2 48 


44 


2540 


4515 


0026 


208 


18 


050 


1 91 


34 


S150 


5600 


0020 


160 


19 


045 


1 55 


27 


4085 


7246 


0016 


128 


20 


040 


1 22 


21 


4912 


9168 


0013 


104 


21 


035 


94 


" 17 


6416 


11980 


0010 


80 


22 


030 


69 


12 


8736 


16300 


0007 


r.o 



Sizes Expressed in Fractions of an Inch, 



15-32 in. —No. 5-0 full 
7-16 in.— No. 4-0 full 

13-32 in.— No. 3-0 full 
3-8 in.— No. 2-0 full 

11-32 in. —No. Ofull 



5-16 in.— No. 1 full. 
9-32 in.— No. 2 
1-4 in.— No. 3} 
7-32 in.— No. 5 
3-16 in.— No. 7 
5-32 in.— No. 9 



77 



1-8 in —No. 11 
1-10 in —No. 13 full 
1-1 2 in —No. 14 
1-16 in.— No. 16 
1-32 in.— No. 22 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



Telegraph and Telephone Wire. 

FROM TRENTON IRON COMPANY LIST. 

WEIGHT per Mile-Ohm. — This terra is to be understood as distinguishing the resistance 
of tnaterial only, and means the weight of 6uch material required per mile to give the re- 
sistance of one ohm. To ascertain the mileage resistance of any wire, divide tho "weight 
per mile-ohm " by the weight of the wire per mile. Thus in a grade of Extra Best Best, of 
which the weight per mile-ohm is 5,000, the mileage iesistance of No. 6 (weight per mile 
525 lbs.) would be about 9>y t ohms ; and No. 14 steel wire, 6,500 lbs., weight per mile-ohm (95 
lbs. weight per mile), would show about 69 ohms. 

The grades of LINE WIRE are generally known to manufacturers, consumers, and the 
trade in this country, as " Extra Best Best " (E. B. B), "Best Best " (B. B.), " Be-t " (B.), 
and " Steel." 

The " Extra Best Best " is made of the very best iron, as nearly pure as any commercial 
iron, soft, tough, uniform, and of very high conductivity, its weight per mile-ohm being 
about 5,000 lbs. 

The " Best Best" is of excellent iron, showing in mechanical tests almost as good results 
as the E. B. B., but not quite as soft, and being somewhat lower in conductivity ; weight 
per mile-ohm about 5,700 lbs. 

Some manufacturers have ceased to make the grade known as "Best" — which term has 
become to some extent a misnomer, as it has been much applied to inferior wire hardly 
suited for telegraphic purposes, and having a weight per mile-ohm of 6,000 to 7,000 lbs. It 
is found that wire made from Bessemer or Open-Hearth Steel, low in carbon, gives better 
satisfaction, being tougher and stronger than iron wire that can be furnished at an equal 
price per pound, and offering no more resistance to the electric current. This "Steel" 
wire is well suited for Telephone or short Telegraph Lines, and the weight per mile-ohm 
is about 6,500 lbs. 

The following are (approximately) the weights per mile of various sizes of Galvanized 
Telegraph Wire, drawn by Trenton Iron Oo.'s gauge: 



Hi 



6, 



», 



11, 12, 



14, 



No. 4. 



Lbs. 720, 610, 525, 450, 375, 310, 250, 200, 160, J25, 95. 

Telegraph Wire is frequently made by Birmingham wire gauge, but wire of any desirea 
weight per mile can be made to order. 

Sizes of Wire Used in Telegraph and Telephone Lines. 

Has not been much used until recently ; is now used on important lines where the 

multiplex systems a?e applied. 
Little used in the United States. 
Used for important circuits between cities. 
Medium size for circuit* of 40 ) miles or less. 
For similar locations to No. 8, but on Bomewhat shorter circuits ; until lately was 

the size most largely used in this country. 
For shorter circuits, railway telegraphs, private lines, police and fire alarm 

lines, &c. 
For telephone lines, police and fire alarm lines, &c. 

For telephone lines and short private lines ; steel wire is used most generally in 
these sizes. 

The Coating op Telegraph Wibe with zinc as a protection rgj-inst oxidation is now 
♦«?-£$ ** mi ? ed '° be , the most efficacious methoa. Some years ago telegraph wire used 
Jni^w d n D8eed m b Wh \ Ch prOCC88 Cost less than g^nizing *rd protected the wire 
?« ?w 17 ' e -^ Cept ? h ? e i fc was exp ° 8ed to the action of eea air ^ <*n still be coated 
in that manner if required ; but a good coat of zinc is the best protection against rust? and 
wire so coated is moreover a better conductor than plain wire. ' 



No. 


5. 


No. 


6. 


No, 


8. 


No. 


9. 


No. 


10. 


No. 11. 


No. 


12. 


No. 


13. 


No. 


14. 




ThS^w PH Wire Above is an illustration of the ordinary "telegraph joint." 
Sk£?Sn5l«SS?-^fti ll,ie the * tte -; henc * the advantage of the present method of 
2Mte rf T-?^^°J 10 ° ft8 - (or even 150 H> 8 -> i ° 8tead of (as a few 
had MnhK™ ™~1\, ™ ^° int - S * 8h ° uld be caref u"y ™<* "nd well soldered over, for a 
had joint may cause as much resistance to the electric current as several miles of wire. 



78 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



Wires of Yarious Metals Compared. 

The following table is given by Mr. David Kirkaldy, of London, to exhibit 
the tensile strength and resistance to tension of wire made of various ma- 
terials. 





lens 


Tested. 


Pulling Stress 


ier square inch 


Specin 


Hard. Pounds. 


Annealed. 
Pounds. 




C3.122 

81.156 

C5.F34 

C5.321 

120.976 

159.515 

151.119 

12° 141 

120.90. 


37.002 


Brass 


51.550 


Charcoal Iron 


46 ".60 


Coke Iron 


61.294 


Steel 


74.637 


Phosphor Bronze, 
t. it 


No 
No 
No 
No 


1 


58.853 


2 


64.569 


(1 M 


3 


54. in 


U II 


4 


53.371 



Specimens TestecJ 



Copper 

Brass 

Charco ' Iton 

Coke Iron 

Steel 

Phosphor Bronze, No. 1. 

" ■* No. 2. 

" " No. 3. 

" " No. 4. 



Extension per cent 



Annealed. Hard. 



34.1 

3'3.5 

28. 

17. 

10.9 

46.6 

42.8 

44.9 

42.4 



14.7 
43. 



13.3 
15.3 
17.3 
13. 



No. twists 
in 5 inches . 



Annealed. 



53 



Of the eight pieces of steel tested three btoodfrom4j to 45 twi3ts,'a'-'l 
Ave stood from ljtf to 4 twists. 



Relatire Malleability of the Metals, 



1. Gold. 

2. Silver. 



Copper. 
Tin. 



Platinum. 
Lead. 



Zinc, 
Iron. 



Si>ecific Resistances cf Metals. 



Copper 1.00 

Silver 98 

Gold 1.13 

Iron 5.63 

Lead 10.76 



Mercury 50.00 

Palladium 5.50 

Platinum 6.78 

Tin Wire 6.80 

Zinc Wire 3.70 



Braes Wire 3.88 

German Silver Wire. 11.30 

Nickel Wire 7.70 

Calcium Wire 2.61 

Aluminium Wire.... 1.75 



List of Conductors and Non-Conductors, 

la which each substance named conducts betUr than that which 
precedes it ; the first being the best insulator, the last the best conductor 

1. Dry Air. 

2. Paraffine. 

3. Hard Kubber. 

4. Suellac. 

5. India Rubber. 

6. Gutta Percha. 

7. bulphur. 

Waen a wire of small resistance and an insulator of great resistance 
are employed upou a line the highest excellence is secured, since the lower 
the r^istancein the former the bett-r is the transmission, and the higher 
the reactance in the latter the less the waste of the current 



8. 


Glass. 


i 15. 


Saline Solu- 


90 


Tin. 


y. 


Silk. 




tions. 


21. 


Iron. 


10. 


Dry Paper. 


16. 


Acids. 


22 


Platinum 


n. 


Puree ain. 


17. 


Charcoal or 


23 


Z'nc. 


12. 


Dry Wood. 




Cike. 


94 


Gold. 


13. 


Dry Ice. 


18. 


Mercury. 


as. 


Copper. 


14. 


Water. 


1 19. 


Lead. 


26. 


Silver. 



79 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



TABLE 



SHOWING THE DIAMETEB IN DECIMALS OF AN INCH, AND THE NUMBER 

OF FEET IN ONE POUND, OF EACH GAUGE IRON WIBE, AS 

DRAWN BY WASHBURN & MOEW WIBE GAUGE. 



No. 


Decimals 
of inch. 


Feet in pound. 


No. 


Decimals 
of inch. 


Feet in pound. 


000 


.362 


2.873 


15 


.072 


72.984 


00 


.331 


3.444 


16 


.063 


95.396 





.323 


3.619 


17 


.054 


129.873 


1 


.283 


4.698 


18 


.047 


172.401 


2 


.263 


5.444 


19 


.041 


222.222 


3 


.244 


6.333 


; 20 


.035 


301.249 


4 


.225 


7.460 


21 


.032 


370.036 


5 


.207 


8.809 


| 22 


.028 


476.190 


6 


.192 


10.270 


23 


.025 


640.74 


7 


.177 


12.047 


24 


.023 


879.03 


8 


.162 


14.365 


25 


.020 


1189.71 


9 


.148 


17.238 


26 


.018 


1485.62 


10 


.135 


20.698 


27 


.017 


1872.71 


11 


.120 


26.174 


1 28 


.016 


2361.42 


12 


.105 


34.254 


29 


.015 


2978.91 


13 


.092 


44.655 


30 


.014 


3754.83 


14 


.080 


59.174 









TABLE 

SHOWING CORRESPONDING SIZES OF STUBS' STEEL WIBE OR BODS, TO THE 
DIVISIONS OF AN INCH. 



Nos.2 


12 


21 


28 


30 


3". 


42 


4S 


52 


56 


61 


a 


if 


BI 1 B* 


8 
Hi 


"G 7 4 


A 1 A 


A 


b 3 * 


A 




MESH OF COAL SCREENS 

USED BY THE PBINCIPAL COAL DEALEBs. 



2£, 2i and 2 inch Screens Furnace Coal. 

l'| and lj ■« " Stove out of Egg Coal. 

l| and 1 " " Nut out of Stove. 

I and £ " M Stove Coal. 

I and § " •' Nut " 

I " »• Pea " 

t 3 5 " " Brickmakers' Dust. 



MESH OF FANMXtt-MILL WIRE CLOTH. 



The ordinary widths are 20, 21,22 and 24 inch, and the Meshes for 
cleaning Seed are : 

For Wheat 4x4 or 5x5 

11 Corn and Oats 2x2 

" Rye 3x3 

" Cockle 8x8 or 9x9 

" Peas 2x4 or 2x5 

" Clover 13x13 or 14x14 

" Clover from Sand... 20 or 22 Mesh 

" Timothy 16x16, 18x18 or 20x20 

' ' Cheat 2x9, 10 or 12, or 8x10, 11 or 12 

" Flax 4x13, 4x14 or 4x16 



80 



*2L 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



TABLE OF WEIGHTS, 

Showing Estimated Number of Pounds of Barbed Wire Required 

to Fence Space or Distances Mentioned, with. 

One, Two or Three Strands. 





1 Stband. 


2 Stbands. 


3 Stbands. 


1 Square Acre 


57.5 lbs. 


115 lbs. 


172 lbs. 


1 Side of a Square Acre. 


15« " 


28^ " 


42% « 


1 Square Half -Acre 


40>r " 


81 •« 


121# " 




1440 " 


2880 " 


4320 " 


1 8ide of 1 Square Mile. 


36J '• 


720 «« 


1080 " 




1>8 " 


1}i " 


3% ■« 


100 Koda in Length 


112X " 


225 " 


337^ 


100 Feet in Length 


7 " 


14 " 


21 " 


When Posts 


There aro required 


Total cost of 1 mil* of fence when 


are placed 


for each Btrand of wire, 


posts cost 12>;c. each, and wire and 


apart. 


for one mile of fence. . . 


staples cost 7%c. 11 
3 Stbands. 


}. for galvanized. 


Feet 


Posts. 


Lbs. of 
Staples 


Lbs. of 

WlBE. 


4 Stbands. 


8 


060 


IK 


360 


$167 w 


$196 35 


10 


528 


h% 


360 


149 00 


180 39 


12 


440 


*% 


360 


139 78 


168 07 


ux 


320 


3X 


360 


124 45 


152 68 


20 


264 


3 


360 


117 40 


145 53 


25 


212 


w 


360 


110 74 


138 80 


30 


176 


2 


360 


106 16 


134 22 


33 


160 


1% 


360 


104 09 


132 15 



Number of Wires and Distances Between Posts. 

Although fences are sometimes made of two wireB, to fence against 
cattle only, experts recommend no less than three, and as many more as 
desirable. Five wires mate a good fence— such is used by nearly all the 
railroad companies. 

The following are the distances apart at which the wires are generally 
placed : 

Two-wire fence, 1st wire 22 inches, 2d wire 44 inches from the ground. 

Three-wire fence, 1st wire 16 inches, 2d wire SO inches, 3d wire 48 inches 
from the ground. 

Four-wire fence, 1st wire 12 inches, 2d wire 24 inches, 3d wire 36 inches, 
4th wire 48 inches from the ground. 

Five-wire fence, 1st wire 8 inches, 2d wire 15 inches, 3d wire 24 inches, 
4th wire 36 inches, 5th wire 48 inches from the ground. 

One less strand may be used with four -point than two-point wire. 

The height of the legal fence Taries *8 follows : 

Four feet high in Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Delaware 
and Idaho. 

Four and a half feet high in Vermont, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New 
York, New Jersey, Maryland, West Virginia, Ohio, Michigan, Indiana, 
Illinois, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa, Tennessee, Kansas, Nebraska, Col- 
orado, Oregon, Arizona, Nevada, Montana, Dakota and Utah. 

Five feet in Pennsylvania, Virginia, Missouri, Kentucky, North Caro- 
lina, South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Florida, Mississippi, Texas, Ar- 
kansas, California, and Washington and Wyoming Territories. 



81 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



2? I 



D .! 

Sat 



«! 



b2E 

HOC~ 
0.° 

Us? 



> 



S 

a 



ifiSISS S S 3 

-s © t— io 



c = a 

en e3 08, 



ia o c o is s 



m nadaaaa 

h r-c — i-i ri 



c s c >e i Sui 
IS C f f< c ?• >» 



a a a -2 

_ OS eS OB ^ ^ 
•a "d "o fl *c © <n •d'd'd 



oc o 



cceo 
ist-wo 



« CT « r-l l-l ■ 



-OT3T3 



<* ^i so eo so <n cs r« i-i i-t cs ii t-i i 



a a a :2 £ > - J e = a e a a a a a a 
««<«.-• — *. "3 — -~ — -~ .« -, -~ «, .« .« 



; ; 03coco rr3-.«i2 

^* so ■* — x i- n CD 



i.= ^„*^ 



5 « 
X 



.5 E 
f o 
CO o 



g g 



£ « ° 



CO cc - = •' 

cc < « o ; 

< 00 a S o -a 

CO la sicr""** , cr 

cn ^i-i3»©u-rtcs 



> 



IT. OC 
CO 00 CN 



•cce 

■ccc 

a a a 

oS OS 08 






CO 
< 

z 

H 
D 
O 



CO 

< 

I- 
X 
LU 



2c 

5 

H 
fcitf 

8 

05 



bee 

C9 CD 

- c a 

ft> » 

•« O 

es 



S = - = 



•8 s. 



a 



CC co 

H t3- - 
?<* " 

•o o 

5 S. . 

-a- - 

•a o 



ss 



6* 

fcn o 



a a 



CN "a.. _ 

©•0*0 

rg lOt-iO 

•OTJ .** 



2 - E 

a k c * 

c £< £ S h a a 

©fc fc M oS ol 



• 63 

* PS. 

: «- 



«h : 

Kg : 
x * : 

«-2 ! 

O a . 

»5 f- a, 

S§d 

On < 

2 -» 
fc£g 
g§| 

£ x« 



S««^^.«a? 



. . .g 

c, . e ".*.o 
!" i^ 
• 5 • *xi 

!g:4 

z 5 ^ 

3 S £ 



s' ! ^ 



1/ 
H • 

5^ 



82 



HO PKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 





CO 

-J 

< 
z 

Ui 

DC 

LU 
LU 

co 

o 

< 
a 

z 

CO 
Ll 
O 

CO 

LU 

o 

< 

o 

o 

z 
< 

X 

1- 
o 

z 

LU 

-1 


•sa^idg 














: *"* 


: so ui -# co ci r-i : 




•Surairj 


t- 1> c- 

rH tH r-l 


















02 

- M 

02 


rH O O O- 
O S_> 




•ooo^qox 




: : inoihhooo 
: : : th i—i th r-t i—i i—i 




so't~ 00 © ' 




•aiSntqg 


1 : : j 


: : : :'jii<MHHHo 
: : : : th i-h i-h i-h i— i i-t 








! ! 1 




•Sngooa: 
paqrag; 


CO <M <M 

tH t-l tH 


• »-t • o o cs 

. rH ;rtH 




















•3ui;«tg 


: : <y 

. i—i 


• i-t • i-l o 

• rH • iH i— 1 






















u 

OS 

O 

■a 
| 

n 






: ; ; i— i ; 




5 
h3 




: :<N©ocsoooooc~t>tooio -*■«■* : 
:: i—i i—i i—i : 




sptug; 
Suijooxj 






HH©ooooi> : 

r-l r-l rH i—l ; 








xog 

paqreg; 


: :so 


: -t» hx -«* -^ 

so . o^ncowiNHHOoojco 

rH ; i— IHHr IHr 1 i-H i— 1 rH 






xog 

qioorag 


: : so : 


• -I'M ~,M HW 1*N 
SO :rt-*WW(M(NHH005ClOO 
rH ; i— Irtrlr lr-(i— li-li— 1 rH 






•9otsbo 


: : so : 


so iia^nwffiwHHoSooo 

i-l JHp li-lr-li— li— (i— lr-lr-1 






•lausg; 


tH r-l r-i r-i 


^ CO 00 • • 
iH r-l r-l : : 




















•owitf 


: : t> so 


: : so : : 




















•Suiqsini^ 

peqwff 

# q^oorag 


: : *• : 

. • rH . 


so : so ia •<* co <m <n <m — i o o : 

r^ .1— IHr Irli— ir-li— ii— It— li— 1 








sptug; 
troraxnoQ 


: : so : 


H ;HrlHr.rtrtri ; 




•aonaj 




: : :ooo5Cioot-soLo^ : 
; ■ ; ', i— i r-i ; 








•qouno 


: : >* : 


eo .wciHHOooaox • 

rt JHr Ir-lr-ir-li— li— i ; 








paqi«g 


: jio : 


"* : co <m c-i — • — ioooot>ci3^ • 
r-i : i—i i—i r-i i—i i—i i—i : 






•nointnoo 


: : so : 

; I i— i ; 


w : co co ci ci — ■ -* 

rH J 1— 1 l-H r-l rH i— 1 r-i 








© oi od sc so -hh co co : 




•qoui 
'q^Suaq; 




HHHHCJWNIMnWOitHIOLlO ; 




•saztg 


: : — JS 
| j cn eo 


t3 i-d'd 
CO | -# us 


■~ 


r3 r? r- r3 rrj frj rrj erj r-J rrj r-^ . 

L-xesciNttocooo • 
nHH«n^ia«3 ; 















83 



u 




ed 


*2 

jh 




^ 


22 




525 


S< 




E=3 


Sz" 


e 


c- 


St 


■-4 


O 


SS 

* iii 




^ 


in 


pi 


£Q 


z 


& 




5° 


<! 


£) 


£(0 

< 


f*J 


i^q 




§ 


-< 




<8 






»-l 


OS 




f4 


LLE 




E-i 


i i 


z 




Oh 

1 



5 ^ 

U o 
s . ^ 

*° > 

<z t/a 

2..r 
o 

Q — 

III 

a 
a 

< 
* 

4 



H E-« 



s 

^9 







tsJ 



u PC 



en 



i-4 



f4 



Q 
Hi 

< 



el 



rHOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



IS. 

t 
< 

% 

W 

B 



1 a 



fl 
K 

<1 

R 

% 

i 
b 



•q;Sn»T[ 



saqtdg 



•Stnuti 



•oooBqox 



•aignjqs 



■o -s -a -a -o -a T= ^J "o 3 2 2 S 2 

ET*io<or*coa)ON(OOOooo 
AiM^mm 



\h ^\_\_ ri\- 1 « cs qj.c* co co eo^twi_»pje_«e_<e t^_?e_c> 



Ht-lO 
C* -- -< 



OCIHMrt 



Sagoou I 2 § 3 . S :§5§ 



•Sm?BTS 



T3 . 

m> 



fafii 



spBig 
Suuooij: 



xog 

p9qj«g 



xog 

q^oomg 



•Stnsno 



i-i • e» •© 



§2 



iseoisf ect-io-* 



OffltlC 
ICM — — — 



co . ■* © © oe © © — t- £> -* <s <5 
, JjJ . co ^ ^- co c- in e* os t- »o ■» co 

OS •lO'*C0eMrHrHfH 



-T CO 



•pjjBa 



© © lO JC © © © 

© © c- t- © os >o 

\a © co c- >o eo so 



'8UtJ 



8mqsiaij£ 
paqasg 



Snxqamti 



•qoano 



uomnioo 
paqjBg 



•aomtnoo 



CO -CO .-*©0CX-*OS'OC--*"* 

S ." . cc ;="^= CO «S -* © OS t- .© 

in >OS .I8"*«NHHH 



© UO © lO © CO t- 



os .i»cn«i 



© t- CO OS CO t- 



oo © »o co co o» 



> (M. . t- CO ift CO 
• ■* ■«C»rtH 



co • o • eoes ( 






2 .a 



= ^ 



* a 

a"* 

is 

S "S 

o -• 

-3 © 

CO rH 

O g 



^ a 
§ B 
S 5 

o o 

o . 
n S 



•q;3nai 



= -^".*^ 



>t^^ *»! £ * * 

->1 CM C* CO CO CO •* ■* ifl if. c c ' 



CO 

:LZO 

"0-0"0 *0"OT3T3T3T3"0"0"DT3"D'0'5x 



85 



BARNES' PATENT FOOT-POWER MACHINERY 




This Class of Machinery was first placed 

in the Market by us, and already 

they are Known Throughout 

the World as the 

©EY MACHINES TO COMPETE 
WITH STEAM POWER. 



Complete Outfit for 
Actual Workshop Business. 

Lathes for 

Wood or Metal. 

Circular Saws, Scroll Saws, 

Formers, Mortisers, 

Tenoners, etc. 

SCROLL SAW BLADES. 
All Lengths and Sizes. 

S Hardware Dealers should 
^ keep these MACHINES and 
-^--'"■^ BLADES in stock. 

M ^«r — 

A Libfr&l Discount is Given. 

Barnes' Foot Power Machinery. 

Workers of Wood or Metal, 

without steam power, using outfits of these 
Machines, can bid lower, and save 
more money from their jobs, than 
by any other means for doing their 
work. Also for 

Industrial Schools or Home Training. 
With them boys can acquire jour- 
neymen's trades before they "gro 
forthemselves." Price-List Free. 
W. F. «fc JOHN BARNE8 CO_ 
No. 79g. Knby St., Koekford, III. 




ON THE ROAD TO RICHES 



By ^cm:. 



. IVE^LELEiFL 



Practical Hints for Clerks and 
■Young Business Men 

On Buying and Selling Goods, Selling Goods on the Road, Business Correspond- 
ence, Drumming, and all Matters Pertaining to Business. 



Leaving Home. 

City or Country - Which ? 

The First Step. 

Taking Hold. 

The Retail Clerk. 

A Permanent Situation. 

Personal Expenses. 

Lessening Competition. 

Telling Tales Out of School. 

Anchors. 

A Step Higher. 

At the Desk. 

CaBh. 

Selling Goods. 



CONTENTS : 

The Traveling Man. 
Leaves from a DrummcrV Ex- 
perience 
A Drummer's Experience— Con- 
tinue^. 
"On the Road"— Sel ing. 
"On the Road" — Collecting. 
"On the Road'— Collecting— 

Continued. 
' Wi 1 You le a Partner?*' 
I Starting in Business. 
; Buying Goods. 

Store Assistants. 
I Arranging Stock, Insurance,etc 



Advertising. 

Selling Goods. 

Dunning. 

Attention to Details. 

Speculation. 

Letting Well Enough Alone. 

Business Losses. 

'• Mind Your Own Business." 

Business Man's Recreations. 

Growing Rich. 

A Very Successful Man. 

Mr. Damschotter's Failure. 

Our New Traveling Man. 

Tom Bailev's Wife. 



Sent Postpaid on Receipt of the Price, S 1 .50, by 
HENRY HOPKINS & CO., 99 Reade St., New York, 

Who will include a copy of "HANDY NOTES" es a Premium. 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



tf I 



O 
Q- 

az 

LU 

a. 

CO 



LU 



* I 



X 

o 

0- 
CL 



•3ZI9 
IXOHddV 



•wvia 



•aoavo 



m«ot-oo©iH 



| «o t- oo o> ■-! « i 



I t-gooi-ieoiaaoi-Htoi 

HHHHHflCI' 



|oo»H«o»HiooiaHO ■--■ a 

rH r-l i-l rH C* 55 CO CO ■* U» . O 



I->*lOOie*U50l/"-.-<©t-S-. COlOt-»!D 
HHP(«MW95i<>aiOffl»OC<5^» 



IlOW^-^OOCOOSlffl-"*" 
i-l i-H W «M C* CO CO ■* X3 



<a t- o> h ■* » i 



5«^0<00»01«»HOC 



* 1 


i»«K59>*ot-iftt-efO»f)Miaffi» 

1 ih -^ c^ cs eo ■* -* »o «o t- o» <-H eo » eo rH gc o 


1 

1 


I 3 i-l 00 <M 00 >0 CO <M iO «© CO ■* t- kO 00 CS 00 i-H OS 

Hi- IHC1C1 W^ tO t* 



rH.r-li-lr-ie«<NeO-*iat-©COI 



HHrirl^n^lOC-l 



§2 



lrlnH««eO«jKSt-0«X9)M 
** r4 r- CM* CO 



IHrtHIMWCO^Ct-XrHlOCCt-f 



mxcc- — ■ _j © 

'«««^<OXSW 



CN CN 

SS! 



i CO C* X ■•<*< t- 00 CO 

• xrH^-ciiteo 
i-n-irHeNeNeNeO'*»oc-05i-iia 



t- x 
t- <c 

O f 



i-rtiMowia 



«;' t-' 



•S © t- © r* eo i 

rtSSCTW«S»xIrjiJxT|lMWC«M ® 

_< _<" _i" ffi 05 ■*' «C t-' CS S, 



t- O: irt ■*< -.O ! 

•* G» ■* — OS < 



N .N C O « 



CO c 



nt-tooeocxtoc-ooot- 

to»a«oin^iOH»«OKe» 
«xo-*x«ohio«cx« 



HHrt«c«*ci-e 



• • O ■* -h CO CO 30 O t- CO 

• ■Miot-nt-ioct-m 

• • ei eo' ■*' co' x o «' t-' ci 



IS >> 



OlNffl 

© C t- 



a-: 

-IB 



.Hoc-w-iSnS-S-'S-'IS 



t- CO CO 

ox(o 

»««««ClrlHHIHHrtFlbOb006 



© O 



■§•3 

H ft 

1 = 



i a co ■* *i cbi 



• oo o» O »- CN CO ■ 



;°s§! 



87 







The Only machine that received an award on both Horse-power and Thresher and Cleaner, at the Centennial Exhibition 
awarded the two last Cold Medals S iven D 5 the New York State Agricultural Society on Horse-powers and Thresher* ; |i 
the only Thresher selected from the vast number built in the United States, for illustration and description in "Appleton's Cycle h 
of Applied Mechanics," recently published, thus adopting it as the Standard machine of this country. Buy the t>6St* ■ 
Cheap68t ^ the end. Catalogue teat fn*. Address, lUKAftD 11ABOEH, CobletkUl, ScbobarW Co., Ii. Y. 



♦TO THE HARDWARE TRADE* 



WE HAVE ON HAND REMAINING FROM EDITIONS PUB- 
LISHED PREVIOUS TO 1888, A FEW COPIES OF 

HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES," 

WHICH WE WILL CLOSE OUT AT 

Twenty-Five Cents Each, or Five Copies for One Dollar. 

Sent Post-paid on receipt of price, which can be sent 

in Postal Note or ONE-CENT Stamps. 
HENRY HOPKINS & CO., 99 Reade street, New York. 



SEE PAGE XOO. 



A. W. 8XSK0: 



This Poke has 
HO equal in the world. 
It will prevent the worst of unruly 
Mules or Horses from pushing or jumping 
fences or being injured by barbed wire, and is 
made extra strong. The head or cross piece is 
hinged at one end and closes with a spring lock 
at. the other end. The essence of strength 
and convenience. Patented in 
TJ, S., Nov. 9, 188G ; 
in Canada, July 
2, 1887. 



BEREA, OHI« 



MANUFACTURER OF THE 



I. X. L., Honeer anfl American Poies 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES.I 



Table of Iron, Steel, Copper and Brass Wire. 

WEIGHT OP 100 FEET IN POUNDS. BIRMINGHAM WTRE GAUGE. 

Brass and Copper Wire from to 25 is numbered by Stubs' 

Gauge. Fine Wire from No. 26 is numbered by 

London Gauge. 



No. of 




PER LINEAL FOOT. 




Gauge. 




















Iron. 


Steel. 


Copper. 


Brass. 


0000 


54 62 


55 13 


62 39 


58 93 


000 


47 86 


48 32 


54 67 


51 64 


00 


38 27 


38 63 


43 71 


41 28 





30 63 


30 92 


34 99 


33 05 


1 


23 85 


24 07 


27 24 


25 73 


2 


21 37 


21 57 


24 41 


23 06 


3 


17 78 


17 94 


20 3 


19 18 


4 


15 01 


15 15 


17 15 


16 19 


5 


12 82 


12 95 


14 65 


13 84 


6 


10 92 


11 02 


12 47 


11 78 


7 


8 586 


8 667 


9 807 


9 263 


8 


7 214 


7 283 


8 241 


7 783 


9 


5 805 


5 859 


6 63 


6 262 


10 


4 758 


4 803 


5 435 


5 133 


11 


3 816 


3 852 


4 359 


4 117 


12 


3 148 


3 178 


3 596 


3 397 


13 


2 392 


2 414 


2 723 


2 58 


14 


1 826 


1 843 


2 085 


1 969 


15 


1 374 


1 387 


1 569 


1 482 


16 


1 119 


1 13 


1 279 


1 208 


17 


8915 


9 


1 018 


9618 


18 


6363 


6423 


7168 


6864 


19 


4675 


472 


534 


5043 


20 


3246 


C277 


3709 


3502 


21 


2714 


274 


31 


2929 


22 


2079 


2098 


2373 


2241 


23 


1656 


1672 


1892 


1788 


24 


1283 


1295 


1465 


1384 


25 


106 


107 


1211 


1144 


26 


0859 


0867 


0981 


0926 


27 


0678 


0685 


0775 


0732 


28 


0519 


0524 


0593 


056 


29 


0448 


0452 


0511 


0483 


30 


0382 


0385 


0436 


0412 


31 


0265 


0267 


0303 


0286 


32 


0215 


0217 


0245 


0231 


33 


017 


0171 


0194 


0183 


34 


013 


0131 


0148 


014 


35 


0066 


0067 


0076 


0071 


56 


0042 


0042 


0048 


0046 



89 



THE 



TRENTON IRON COMPANY, 

(INCORPORATED 1847.) 
MANUFACTURERSrOF 

m STEEL WIDE 

OF ALL IKXCTDS. 




Rolled Rods of Refined Iron and Steel, 






WORKS AND OFFICE: 

AT TRENTON, NEW JERSEY. 



NEW YORK OFFICE': 

17 BURLING SLIP. 



Philadelphia Office: 22 North Fourth Street. 






HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



Wire Standard Hoisting Ropes, 

With 6 Strands of 19 Wires Each. 



TRADE NUMBERS, SIZES, WEIGHT AND STRENGTH. 

IRON. 









rrj (h 






l|H <H . 




6 


.2 

a « 


S3 3 




03 © 




O O ^3 

s ^ 

S3 fl e3 


So > 


H3 

d 
E 


— fl 










§"Sc/2 


1 


2i 


7 


7.75 


74 


15 


154 


8 


• 2 


2 


6£ 


6.11 


65 


13 


m 


7 


3 


If 


6* 


5.09 


54 


11 


13 


6± 


4 


If 


5 


4.00 


44 


9 


12 


5 


5 


1± 


4? 


3.55 


39 


8 


11| 


4* 


5* 


H 


A* 


2.90 


33 


6* 


iot 


*4 


6 


1* 


4 


2.42 


27 


5£ 


H 


4 


7 


U 


94 


1.95 


20 


4 


8 


3* 


8 


i 


1* 


1.53 


16 


3 


7 


3 


9 


I 


2? 


1.16 


11.50 


2* 


6 


11 


10 


3 

1 

8 


2| 


0.85 


8.64 


1! 


5 


10* 


2 


0.60 


5.13 


41 


2 


10£ 


l 6 


If 


0.47 


4.27 


1 


4 


If 


lOf 


s> 


1# 


0.37 


3.48 


3£ 


l| 


io| 


i 


H 


0.26 


2.50 


4 


3 


1 



CRUCIBLE STEEL. 



1 


2i 


7 


7.75 


164.69 


32.90 




9 


2 


2 


6| 


6.11 


132.37 


26.50 




8 


3 


If 


64 


5.09 


108.13 


21.63 




7^ 


4 


If 


5 


4.00 


97.17 


19.44 




6 


5 


H 


43 


3.55 


86.38 


17.30 


m 


5J- 


.84 


if 


2.90 


72.33 


14.46 


14 


5± 


6 


U 


4 


2.42 


50.17 


10.00 


121 


5 


7 


14 


14 


1.95 


38.00 


7.70 


11 


4* 


8 


l 


>f 


1.53 


29.20 


5.80 


9 


4 


9 


£ 


1.16 


21.55 


4.00 


8 


3 f 

3* 


10 


I 


9^ 

^8 


0.85 


14.99 


3.00 


6i 


10| 


2 


0.60 


12.53 


2.50 


5? 


3 


10^ 


16 


If 


0.47 


8.81 


1.75 


5± 


2| 


10f 


i 


0.37 


7.52 


1.50 


H 


2 



«ST The weights above stated are for Ropes with Hemp Cen. 
ters. For Eopes made with Wire Centers, add TEN PER 
CENT, to these weights. Also, see Table of Galvanized Strand. 



91 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES.! 



Spring Cotters and Keys and their Applications 



SPRING COTTERS. 



No 


30 


31 


32 33 , 34 


35 36 37 


38 


39 






I 










Wire Gauge... 


13 


13 


11 


11 


7 


7 


4 


4 


1 


1 


For Hole 


& 


& 


i 


*| A 


A 


\ 


i 


A 


ft 


For Nuts 


1 


1 


|l #1 f 


1 


1 


u 


H 


H 



SPRING KEYS. 



No 

"Wire Gauge. 

For Hole 

For Bolts 



000 


00 





1 


H 


2 


3 


4 


12 


12 


12 


11 


n 


10 


10 


10 


A 


A 


& 


i 


1 


A 


A 


A 


t 


1 


7 

ft 


I 


1 


1 


a 


i 



Wire Bale Ties. 

Nos. 16, 15, 14, 13 and 12 are put up in bundles of 250 Ties, 
Nos. 11, 10 and 9 wire are put up in bundles cf 125 Ties and 
run in length from 6 feet to 11| feet. 

Other Sizes and Lengths made to order as required. 

To get length of Tie required, add three inches to the meas- 
ure around the bale when under pressure. 



SIZE AND LENGTH OF TIES IN GENERAL USE. 

For 17X22 Perpetual Presses, use Ties 8, 8£ or 9 feet long ; 
No. 14 wire for heavy work, and No. 15 for light work. 

For 14x18 Perpetual Presses, use Ties 8, 8£ or 8£ feet long ; 
No. 14 wire for extra or extreme heavy work ; No. 15 for heavy 
and medium work, and No. 16 for light work. 

For 12x15 Perpetual Presses, use Ties T| f 7| or 8 feet long ; 
No. 15 wire for heavy work, and No. 16 for medium or light 
work. 

For Upright Hand Presses, use No. 14 or No. 15 wire. 

For Upright Light Horse Presses, use No. 14 wire. 

For Upright Heavy Portable or Light Stationary Horse 
Presses, use No. 13 wire. 

For Upright Heavy Stationary and 'Beater Presses, use 
No. 12, No. 11 and No. 10 wire, according to the size of bale 
and number of Ties used. 

For Broom Corn, Wool, Cotton, Hides, etc., or other mate- 
rials put up in heavy bales, use No. 9, No. 10 or No. 11 wire. 



92 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



ROUND OR OVAL-HEAD IRON RIVETS. 

Number of Kivets in One Pound. 



APPROXIMATE. 



Size. 


3 

S 





5 


i 


2 


3 


4, 


4 


5 


6 
154 


ft 

188 


7 
221 


8 
256 


9 


3 
















334 


f 


32 


42 


51 


57 


65 


75 


80 


89 


108 


131 


159 


185 


215 


278 


f 


29 


37 


45 


50 


57 


67 


70 


78 


94 


114 


138 


158 


185 


238 




26 


33 


41 


45 


51 


59 


63 


70 


84 


101 


122 


139 


163 


208 


1 


24 


30 


37 


41 


46 


54 


57 


63 


75 


91 


109 


123 


145 


185 


1 


22 


28 


34 


37 


42 


49 


52 


57 


68 


82 


98 


111 


131 


166 


H 


20 


2G 


31 


34 


39 


45 


47 


53 


63 


75 


90 


101 


119 


151 


M 


19 


24 


29 


32 


36 


42 


44 


49 


58 


69 


83 


93 


109 


138 


a 


18 


22 


27 


29 


33 


39 


41 


45 


54 


54 


76 


86 


101 


127 


17 


21 


25 


28 


31 


37 


38 


42 


51 


59 


71 


80 


94 


119 


if 


15 


18 


22 


24 


27 


33 


34 


40 


44 


55 


63 


70 


82 


104 


2 


13 


17 


20 


22 


25 


29 


30 


35 


40 


47 


56 


62 


73 


92 


n 


12 


15 


18 


19 


22 


27 


28 


32 


36 


42 


50 


56 


66 


83 


2h 


11 


14 


17 


18 


20 


24 


25 


29 


33 


39 


46 


50 


60 


75 


2| 


10 


13 


15 


17 


19 


22 


23 


26 


30 


36 


42 


46 


55 


67 


Q 


9 


12 


14 


15 


17 


21 


22 


24 


28 


33 


39 


43 


51 


64 


3* 


8* 


11 


13 


14 


16 


19 


20 


23 


26 


31 


36 


40 


47 


59 


1 


8 


104 


12 


13* 


15 


18 


19 


21 


24 


29 


34 


38 


44 


55 


74 


i 


113 


12f 


14 


17 


18 


20 


23 


27 


32 


35 


41 


52 


4 


7} 


11 


12 


13 


16 


17 


18 


21 


25 


30 


33 


38 


49 


4* 


7 


104 


11* 


12? 


15 


16 


17 


20 


24 










U 


6£ 


10 


10f 


12 


14 


15 


16 


19 


23 










4f 


6 4 


8 


H 


10 


Hi 


13f 


14f 


15f 


18 


22 










5 


6 


'4 


9 




11 


13 


14 


15 


17 


21 










5i 


5f 


8| 


104 


121 


134 


144 


164 


20 










5^ 


4 


7 


9 


10 


12 


13 


14 


16 


19 










5f 


6f 


7| 


8* 


34 


114 


124 


13* 


15 


18 










6 


5 


6i 


n 


8i 


n 


li 


12 


13 


14 


17 











SHRINKAGE OF CASTINGS. 

In making allowance for shrinkage in casting, pattern-makers 
understand that different shapes will shrink differently. The 
standard table of allowance for shrinkage in use in the best 
shops of the country is as follows : 

For Loam Castings ^ inch per foot. 

" Green Sand Castings fa inch per foot. 

" Dry Sand Castings..... -V inch per foot. 

I' Brass Castings w..-^- inch per foot. 

" Copper Castings ,\ inch per foot. 

" Bismuth Castings ■£$ inch per foot. 

'• Tin Castings { inch per foot. 

" Zinc Castings -£■$ inch per foot. 

4 ' Lead Castings ^ inch per foot. 

~ 93 



BRUCE & COOK. 

UVIfORTEPLS OF 

-^METALS 



TIN PLATE. 

Roofing Plate, 
Special Sizes, 
Block and Bar Tin, 

Tinners' Solder. 

SHEET IRON. 

Russia, 
Pat. Planished, 
Galvanized, 
Double Seaming, 
Cold Rolled, 

Common. 

WIRE. 

Bright Iron, 
Annealed Fence, 
Coppered, 

Galvanized, 
Tinned. 

SOLDER. 

Ex. Wiping, 
No.l Refined, 
No. 1 Capping, 
Ex. No. 1"B. &C." 
Half and Half. 

COPPER. 

Sheet, Bottoms, 

Solders, Bolts, 

Wire, Ingot. 

SHEET ZINC. 

American, 

Spelter. 

ELBOWS. 

Russia, 

Planished, 

Charcoal. 

STOVE BOARDS. 

Stove Bolts, 
Stovepipe Collars, 
Stovepipe Dampers, 
Fire Pots, 

Rivets, Black, 
Rivets, Tinned, 

Kettle Ears. 

SUNDRIES. 

Babbit Metal, 

Antimony, 

Spelter Solder. 
Tinsmiths' Tools 

and Machines, 
Milk Can Trimmings. 




Austin s Patent Expanding- Conductor and Spiral-Ribbed Pipe. 

PATENT ROOFING SEAMER FOR PUTTING TIN TOGETHER. 

ALL LATEST AND BEST MACHINES FOR ROOFERS AND TINNERS. 

Eight-foot Seamless Eave Troughs and Cutters, I. XL Ventilators. 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



Table of Standard or Regular Tin Plates. 

Size and Kind of Plates — Number and Weight of Sheet? in a Box, and Wire 
Gauge Thickness, of every Kind an 1 Size. 







M 

o 


H 
O 

PQ 


45 






H 

o 


H 

o 

J2 


V 






P5 


P 


to 

B 






Xi 


.2 


to 

a 


Size. 


Grade. 


-2 


m 
T3 





Size. 


Grade. 


Q 
m 


00 


as 






V 


a 


« 






a> 


a 


<D 






CJ 










« 


s 


.a 






oo 


o 


5 






£1 
OQ 


o 


* 


10 by 10 


IC 


225 


78 


29 


13 by 13 


IC 


225 


130 


29 


M 


IX 


225 


98 


27 


IX 


225 


164 


27 


K 


IXX 


225 


112 


26 


44 


IXX 


225 


190 


26 


M 


IXXX 


225 


124 


25 


ii 


IXXX 


225 


216 


25 


«( 


IXXXX 


225 


140 


24^ 


14 by 14 


IC 


225 


152 


29 


10 by 14 


IC 


225 


108 


29 


** 


IX 


225 


192 


27 


44 


IX 


225 


136 


27 


u 


IXX 


225 


221 


26 


it 


IXX 


225 


159 


26 


ii 


IXXX 


225 


250 


25 


M 


IXXX 


225 


178 


25 


u 


IXXXX 


225 


279 


24# 


II 


IXXXX 


225 


200 


24^ 


15 by 15 


IX 


225 


221 


27 


10 by 20 


IC 


225 


156 


29 


IXX 


225 


255 


26 


44 


IX 


225 


196 


27 


44 


IXXX 


225 


288 


25 


11 by 11 


IC 


225 


95 


29 


44 


IXXXX 


225 


322 


24}£ 


*» 


IX 


225 


118 


27 


16 by 16 


IC 


225 


200 


29 


u 


IXX 


225 


135 


26 


44 


IX 


225 


252 


27 


11 by 15 


SDC 


200 


164 


26 


44 


IXX 


225 


290 


26 


ii 


SDX 


200 


185 


25 


44 


IXXX 


225 


328 


25 


(« 


SDXX 


200 


206 


24# 


it 


IXXXX 


225 


368 


24^ 


<« 


SDXXX 


200 


226 


24 


17 by 17 


IX 


112 


140 


27 


44 


SDXXXX 


200 


248 


23 


IXX 


112 


162 


26 


22 by 15 


SDC 


100 


164 


26 


ii 


IXXX 


112 


184 


25 


(i 


SDX 


100 


185 


25 


ii 


IXXXX 


112 


205 


24# 


it 


SDXX 


100 


206 


24>* 


18 by 18 


IX 


112 


158 


27 


'* 


SDXXX 


100 


226 


24 


IXX 


112 


182 


26 


" 


SDXXXX 


100 


248 


23 


44 


IXXX 


112 


206 


2* 


12)6 by 17 


DC 


100 


96 


28 


11 


IXXXX 


112 


231 


24# 


" 


DX 


100 


124 


26 


22 by 22 


IXX 


56 


135 


•?6 


ii 


DXX 


100 


145 


24 


44 


IXXX 


56 




25 


•* 


DXXX 


100 


166 


23 


'« 


IXXXX 


56 




24^ 


«« 


DXXXX 


100 


185 


22 


24 by 24 


IXX 


56 


157 


26 


15 by 21 


DX 


100 


183 


27 


IXXX 


56 




25 


m 


DXX 


100 


214 


24 


ii 


IXXXX 


56 




24>£ 


K 


DXXX 
DXXXX 


100 
100 


245 
276 


23 

22 




Terne Pla 


rEs. 


25 by 17 


DC 


50 


96 


28 


14 by 20 


IC 


112 


108 29 


44 


DX 


50 


124 


26 


ii 


IX 


112 


136 27 


it 


DXX 


50 


146 


24 


20 by 28 


IC 


112 


216 29 


it 


DXXX 


50 


166 


23 


44 


IX 


112 


272 


27 


'• 


DXXXX 


50 


185 


22 


20 by 200 


IC 




172 


29 


14 by 20 


IC 


112 


108 


29 


it 


IX 




216 


27 


ii 


IX 
IXX 


112 
112 


136 
157 


27 
26 




Tin Taggei 


». 


•« 


IXXX 


112 


178 


25 


10 by 14 


1 


450 | 108 | 38 


ii 
ii 


IXXXX 
IXXXXXX 


112 
112 


200 
240 


24X 
23# 


] 


iLACK TAGG 


ERS. 


12 by 12 


IC 


225 


ies 


29 


10 by 14 




256 


108 32 


ii 


IX 


225 


136 


27 




360 


108 34 


M 


IXX 


225 


157 


26 


44 




360 


108186 


" 


IXXX 


225 


178 


25 


ii 




450 


108 


38 



95 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



Plrom the " Metal Worker." 

Cost of Tin Roofing. 

The following table shows the cost per square and per square 
foot of tin roofing, laid "with 14x20 tin, with tin at any price 
from $4 to $10 per box. Thj first column contains the price 
per box of tin ; the second column shows the cost of tin per 
square (100 square feet) of smface, and the third column shows 
the cost of tin per square foot of surface : 

FLAT SEAM ROOFING- -COST WITH 14x20 TIN. 



Price of tin 
per box. 

$4.25 

4.50 

4.75 

5.00 

5.25 

5.50 

5.75 

COO 

6.25 

6.50 

6.75 

7.00 

7.25 

7.50 

7.75 

8.00 



Cost per 

square of 
flat root 
14x20 tin. 



.$2.21.. 
,. 2.34... 
. 2.47... 
.. 2.60. 
.. 2.73... 
.. 2.86.. 
.. 2.99.. 
.. 3.12.. 
. 3.25.. 
.. 3.38.. 
.. 3.51... 
. 3.64... 
.. 3.77.. 
.. 3.90.. 
.. 4.03.. 
.. 4.16.. 



Cost per 
sq. foot. 

, .0221 

.0234 

.0247 

, .0260 

.0273 

, .0286 

, .0299 

, .0312 

, .0325 

. .0338 

.0351 

.0364 

, .0377 

, .0390 

. .0403 

, .0416 





Coat per 






square of 




Price of tin 


flat roof 


Cost per 


oer box. 


14x20 tin. 


6q. foot. 


$8.25 


...$4.29.. 


0429 


8.50 


... 4.42.. 


0442 


8.75 


... 4.55 .. 


0455 


9.00 


. . 4.68... 


0468 


9.25 


... 4.81... 


0481 


9.50 


.. 4.94... 


0494 


9.75 


... 5.07... 


0507 


10.00 


... 5.20... 


0520 


10.25 


... 5.33... 


0533 


10.50 


... 5.46... 


054G 


"0.75 


... 5.59... 


0559 


31.00 


... 5.72... 


0572 


11.25 


... 5.85... 


0585 


11.50 


... 5.98... 


0598 


11.75 


... 6.11... 


0611 


12 00 


... 6.84... 


0624 



STANDING SEAM BOOPING— COST WI T H 14x20 TIN. 





Cost per 




Cost per 






square of 




square of 






standing seam 




etnnding seam 




Price of tin 


roof with Cost per 


Price of tin 


roof with 


Cost per 


per box. 


14x20 tin. sq. foot. 


per bar. 


14x20 tin. 


sq. foot. 


$4.25 


....$2.37 0237 


$7.25 

7.50 


....$4.03 

... 4.17 


.. .0403 


4.50 


.... 2.51 0251 


.. .0417 


4.75 


.... 2.65 0265 


7.75 


.... 4.31 


.. .0431 


5 00 


.... 2.79 0279 


8.00 


... 4.45 


.. .0445 


5.25 


.... 2.93 0293 


8.25 


... 4.59 


.. .0459 


5.50 


... 3.06 0306 


8.50 


.... 4.73 


.. .0473 


5.75 


.... 3.20. *.-.. .0320 


8.75 


... 4.87 


.. .0487 


6.00 


. .. 3.34 0334 


9.00 


... 5.01 


.. .0501 


6.25 


.... 3.48 0348 


9.25 


.... 5.15 


.. .0515 


6.50 


.... 3.62 0362 


9.50 


... 5.29 


.. .0529 


6.75 


.... 3.76 0376 


9.75 


... 5.43 


. .0543 


7.00 


.... 3.90 0390 


10.00 


... 5.57 


. .0557 



96 




The SARGENT-SPRAGUE CAN OPENER is unequalled for opening tin cans of 
ANY SHAPE OR SIZE. The DOUBLE FOOT gives it a bearing on both sides of 
the knife, thus bringing the cutting edge in position to make a CLEAN SHEAR CUT, 
without leaving the tin torn or ragged ; the double bearing also prevents an unequal 
strain upon the rivet, and insures durability with RAPID and SATISFACTORY work. 
Well made. Requires no adjusting. Always ready for use. It is the best and most 
popular. 



Door Spring jind Check. 

Eclipse Spring. | Eclipse Check. 




THIS will 

"Stop 
that 
Slamming." 



THE CUT SHOWS THE ECLIPSE DOOR SPRING AND CHFCK APPLIED, 



USE THE ECLIPSE DOOR SPRING AND CHECK. 

The Eclipse Spring and Check are used in the counting room of this paper, and 
have been found to possess all the advantages claimed for them by the manufacturers. 
They not only close the door tightly, but do it so quietly that persons of the most ner- 
vous temperament are not annoyed. This little invention is especially useful in homes, 
and when placed on the doors leading from the kitchen it keeps them closed, thus pre- 
venting the odor which arises from cooking from permeating the house. 

— New York Journal of Commerce. 

— >-^*^>^5^-* 



BUY THE ECLIPSE. 



Is tV-e best «*^&«*jaS£« <*«* 

Tension ot *V an d « re d. 



1 1 Hamming- 

.nts doors ^ omsU do or 

^^^anbe^e,-^^^^ 

Attowstbe batin c8 

rtS areinterchangeab^ 
The parts ar anbe rep 
o{ breakage any P ^ 



For Sale by all well regulated Hardware Dealers the World over. 

Manufactured by SilRG-ENT & CD, 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES' AND QUERIES. 



Cost of Tin Roofing— Continued. 

The following table shows the cost per square and per square 
foot of tin roofing, laid with 20x28 tin, with tin at any price 
from $8 to $2-4 per box. The first column contains the price 
per box of tin ; ttia second column shows the cost of tin per 
square (100 square feet) of surface, and the thiid column shows 
the cost of tin per square foot of suiface . 

FLAT SEAM ROOFING — COST WITH 20x28 TIN. 





Cost per 
square of 






Cost per 
square of 




Price of tin 


flat seam roof 


Cost per 


Price of tin 


flat seam roof 




per box. 


20x28 tin. 


sq. foot. 


per box. 


20x28 tin. 


sq. foot. 


$8.00 


...$2.01.... 


.. .0201 


$16.00 ... 


$4.01 .. 


.. .0401 


8.50 


... 2.13 


.. .0213 


16.50.... 


4.13... 


.. .0413 


9.00 


... 2.26 


.. .0226 


17.00.... 


4.26 .. 


.. .0426 


9.50 


... 2.38. .. 


.. .0238 


17.50.... 


4.38... 


.. .0438 


10.00 


.... 2.51 


.. .0251 


18.00.... 


4.51... 


.. .0451 


10.50 


... 2.63.... 


.. .0263 


18.50.... 


4.63... 


.. .0463 


11.00 


... 2.76.... 


.. .0276 


19-00... 


4.76... 


.. .0476 


11.50 


... 2.88.... 


.. .0288 


19.50.... 


4.88... 


.. .0488 


12.00 


... 3.00.... 


.. .0300 


20.00.... 


5.01... 


.. .0501 


12.50 


... 3.13.... 


.. .0313 


20.50.... 


5.13... 


.. .0513 


13.00 


... 3.25 


.. .0325 


21.00.... 


5.26... 


.. .0526 


13.50 


... 3.38 


.. .0338 


21.50.... 


5.38... 


.. .0538 


14.00 


... 3.50 


.. .0350 


22.00.... 


5.51... 


.. .0551 


14.50 


... 3.63 


.. .0363 


22.50.... 


5.63... 


.. .0563 


15.00 


... 3.75 


.. .037". 


23.00.... 


.. .. 5.76... 


.. .0576 


15.50 


... S.8H. .. 


. 0388 









STANDING BEAM 


HOOFING 


—COST WITH 20x28 TIN. 




Cost per 




Cost per 




square of 




square or 




standing seam 




standing seam 




Price of tin roof with 


Cost per 


Price of tin roof with 


Cost per 


per box. 20x28 tin. 


sq. foot. 


per box. 20x28 tin. 


sq. foot. 


$8.00 $2.15 


. .0215 


$16.50 $4.42.... 


. .0442 


8.50 2.28 


.0228 


17.00 4.56 


. .0456 


9 00 2.41 


.0241 


17.50 4.69 


. .0469 


9.50 2.55 


.0255 


18.00 4.82 


. .0482 


10.00 2.68 


.0268 


18.50 4.96 


. .0496 


10.50 ...... 2.82 


.0282 


19.00 5.09 


. .0509 


11.00. 2.95 


.0295 


19.50 5.23 


. .0523 


11.50 3.09 


.0309 


20.00 5.36 .... 


. .0536 


12.00 3.21 


. .0321 


20.50 5.49 


. .0549 


12.50 3.35...... 


.0335 


21.00 5.63 


. .0563 


13 00 3.48 


.0348 


21.50 5.76 


. .0576 


13.50 3.62 


.0362 


22.00 5.90 


. .0590 


14.00 3 75 


.0375 


22.50 6.03 


. .0603 


14.50 3.89 


.0389 
.0402 


23.00 6.17 

23.50 6.30 


. .0617 


15.00 4.02 


. .0630 


15.50 4.15 .... 


.0415 


24.00 6,43 


. .0043 


16.00 4.29 


.0429 







97 



BELL'S GALVANIZED WIRE EAVE TROUGH HANGER. 




in 

It 
is made nent, 
strong, durable, 

n 



SOLD BY JOBBERS. 



Sample Hanger and Descriptive Circular 
Free on application. 

J. W. BELL & CO., Mercer, Pa. 

Sole Manufacturers and Owners of Letters Patent. 

Chicago Office, 34 Wabash Ave., JAS J COLLINS, Manager. 

IE* JFLI O E - XjX S T. 

No. 1 — For 4-in. trough (made from 7 

in. of tin) $2 50 

No. 2— For 4^-in. trough (made from 8£ 

in. of tin) 3 25 

No. 3— For 5^-in. trough (made from 9£ 

in. of tin) 3.50 

No. 4 — For 5$-in. trough (made from 10 

in. of tin) 3 75 




It is in great favor with Tin- 
ners wherever used. 

DO NOT FAIL TO TRY IT. 



JOHN MAXWELL, 



MANUFACTURER OF PATENTED 



BRASS, 

Bright Tinned Wire 

AND 

JAPANNED 

Bird Cages. 

The cheapest and 
most salable in mar- 
ket. Catalogues and 
Price-Lists furnished 
to the trade. 



247 and 249 Pearl St., New York 





Universal Assistant 



- -A. 0iT ID- 



Full Size of Band for Brass and Tinned Wire Cages. 



Containing a million industrial 

facts from the Household 

to the Manufactory. 

By R. MOORE. 

Illustrated with 500 engravings. 
1000 pages bound in cloth. 



rioe, 



$2.50 



FOR SALE BY 



BOOKSELLERS & PUBLISHERS, 

99 Reade St., N. Y, 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



RECIPES FOR SOLDERS. 

SOFT SOLDERS. 

Among the soft solders to be employed with metals melting 
at a low temperature, we give the following : 

Solder for bright tin ware, etc. : " Half & Half." 

Tin 50 parts. 

Lead 50 " 

Solder for roofing, and plumbing joints : "No. 1." 

Tin 40 parts. 

Lead 60 " 

Solder for galvanized ware, etc. : "No. 1. Extra." 

Tin 45 parts. 

Lead 55 

Solder for pewter : 

Tin 100 parts. 

Lead 200 " 

Solder for sealing iron in stone : 

Lead 200 parts. 

Zinc 100 " 

This alloy is more resisting and adheres better than pure 
lead. 

Solders for obtaining casts of medals, coins, etc. : 

Bismuth 400 or 600 

Lead 200 " 200 

Tin 200 " 300 

This alloy melts between 212 F. (or at water-boiling point) 
and becomes very liquid. 

HARD SOLDERS. 

Above we give the alloys of all soft solders. Herewith we 
give the constituents and process of making the harder ones : 

Solder for iron : 

Copper 67 

Zinc 33 

Solder for pure copper or ordinary brass : 

Copper... 3 

Zinc 1 

Solder for hard brass : 

Soraps of metal to be soldered 4 

Zinc 1 

Hard solder for small and thin pieces : 

Copper 

Zinc 

Solder for uniting brass tube seams : 

Copper... TO'.btm 

Tin 30) 

Zinc 

The proper process of making these aolders is as follows : The copper 
and zinc are melted in separate crucibles, then added together in a pouring- 
t>ot and thoroughly mixed, and when at the proper temperature is poured 
from a certain height upon a bundle of birch twigs, kept wet and agitated 
at the surface of a tub of water. The solder is thus obtained in the shape 
of fine grains, having an irregular crystallization. When solder is not suffi- 
ciently fine it is hammered in a cast-iron mortar and passed through a sieve. 



99 



86.5 
4.5 

77.5 
22.5 



j --' - ' I 'illlinillliMIIIIIIIIIDBIHII 




wmm 






IF YOU WANT ANY 



Fwnp bb Electbotypihb 

Give us a chance to "Estimate" 
on the work. 



We have special facilities for 
giving you low prices with 

FIRST-CLASS WORK. 



HENRY HOPKINS & CO., 

99 Reade St., New York. 



@g^^^gS^g^@^^@^^@^i^^^>^A^^^^^@@@ 




HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



Table of Weights of Sheet Copper per Square Foot, and Thickness 
per English Wire Gauge. 



English 

Wire 
Gauge. 


Weight 

per eq. 

foot. 




Weight of Each Sheet. 




14x18 


24x48 


30x60 


36x72 


48x72 


No. 1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 

10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
26 
27 
28 


lbs. oz. 

14 8 

13 14 

12 12 

11 9 

10 1 

9 6 

8 11 

7 14 

7 3 

6 8 

5 12 

5 1 

4 5 

3 9 

3 4 

2 14 

2 8 

2 2 

1 15 

1 12 

1 9 

22 

20 

18 

16 

14 

12 

10 


lbs. 


lbs. 

116 

111 

102 

93 

81 

75 

70 

63 

58 

48 

46 

41 

35 

29 

26 

23 

20 

18 

16 

14 

13 

12 

10 

9 

8 

7 

6 

5 


lbs. 

181 

174 

159 

145 

126 

118 

109 

99 

90 

81 

73 

64 

54 

45 

41 

36 

22 

27 

24 

22 

20 

18 

16 

15 

12 J r 

11 
9^ 
7 


lbs. 

261 

250 

230 

209 

182 

169 

157 

142 

130 

117 

104 

91 

78 

65 

59 

52 

45 

39 

35 

32 

29 

26 

23 

21 

19 

15 

13 

11 


lbs. 
348 




334 




306 




278 




242 




226 




209 




190 




173 




156 




139 




122 




104 




86 




78 




70 




60 




52 




47 




43 




39 


6^ 
5J 
5i 
4f 

4 

3:1 

3 


35 
31 

28 
25 
21 
18 
15 



WEIGHT OF SHEET COPPER PER SQUARE FOOT. 



inch Thi~k Weighs 3 lbs to the square foot 



Planished Copper— Boiler Size. 



Wire 
Gauge. 



Size of 
Sheet. 



14x49 
14x52 
14x57 
14x60 
14x48 
14x48 



Weight of Sheets 



Pounds. Ounces 



14 



Gutter Copper— 20x72 Inches. 



Thick- 



wire 
Gauge. 



No. 
27 
24 
23 



Thickness of 
3Ux60 sheet. 



Lbs. 
10 
12 
14 



Size. 
30x6 > 
30x60 
30x60 



Sheet of same 
thickness 2jx72. 



Lbs. 

9 

10 

13 



Ozs. 
2 



See Copper Sheathing Sheets. 

101 



BUCYRUS 

Copper Kettle Works. 

BUCYRUS, OHIO. 



THEJ 



Kettle 




Geiger & Bush 

(proprietors) 
MANUFACTURERS OF 

Hand-Hammered 

COPPER KETTLES 

Schweitzer Cheese Kettles, Dyers' 
Kettles, Varnish Kettles, Candy Ket- 
tles, Soda Water Fountains. Steam 
Jacket Kettles and all kinds of 

BLOCK-TIN LIKED COPPER WARE. 

Stills and Jacket Kettles, Kettles for 
Druggists, Chemists and Patent Med- 
icine Manufacturers, Turpentine Stills 
Fruit-C&nners' Kettles, Batchers' Ket- 
tles, Be ewers' Kettles, Whiskey Stills, 
and all kinds of Copper Work for 
Brewers and Distillers. Prompt at- 
tention given to repairing. 

Write for Prices and Circulars. 



J. GEIGER, 

MANUFACTURER, 

BUCYRUS, OHIO. 



A Stand for setting large Ket- 
tles on for out-door boiling, by 
which the heat is kept directly 
under the kettle, thus becoming 
very intense, boiling is done in a 
very short time, and with about 
half the fuel ordinarily used. It 
is easily handled and always 
ready, and can be used for either 
an Iron or a Brass or a Copper 
Kettle. It is just the thing 
needed for general purposes and 
especially so for boiling Apple 
Butter, Apple Sauce, Jellies, Feed 
for Stock and for Soap-Boiling 
and rendering Lard. 

Sand for Prices and Circulars. 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES' AND QUERIES. 



SPUN BRASS KETTLES, 

WEIGHT AND CAPACITY OF. 



7 in 1 

8" 1} 

9 " 2£ 

10 " 3 

11 " 3£ 

12 " 4 

13 " 5 

14 " r»f 

15 " 64 

ir» " i\ 

17 " 9 



lb. 



\ 

l 

H 
2 

14 
3" 
4 

n 

5 
G 



pal 



.10$ lb 
.12* « 
.16£ " 
.18 " 
.20 " 
.23 «' 
.27^ " 
.29 «• 
.32 " 
.37 " 
.40 •« 



10 gal 
12 " 
14 " 

17 " 

18 " 
23 " 
25 " 
30 u 
32 " 
37" 
42 ' ; 



Number of Copper Belt Rivets and Burs in one 
Pound. 



Inch.... 


i 


6 
16 


f 


16 


I 


9 

1 6 


1 


3 

4 


1 


1 


1* 


U 


1* 


Burs 


No. 7... 


272 


250 


228 


180 


164 


160 


148 


112 


116 


100 


84 


80 


69 


345 


" 8... 


276 


248 


208 


200 


178 


172 


152 


136 


110 


104 


96 






390 


" 9... 


340 


280 


272 


248 


228 


220 


184 


176 


156 


136 








610 


•' 10.. 


544 


448 


384 


340 


304 


300 


272 


238 


204 










716 


" 12... 


588 


512 


452 


404 


354 


334 


304 


272 












985 


11 13... 


996 


852 


532 






















1630 





Copper Hose Rivets and Burs, 






Size 


8 

1 6 


f 


7 
16 


J 


9 

1 6 


f 


1 


1 


Burs. 


No. 7.... 
11 8.... 


308 


201 


155 
181 


142 
160 


133 

150 


122 
135 


109 

116 


97 
100 


845 
390 



Copper Oval Head (or Trunk) Rivets and Burs. 




i 

320 


5 
16 

285 


1 

259 


7 
1 6 

243 


i 

219 


9 
16 

199 


1 
177 


3 
4 

159 


7 
8 

137 


1 
123 


1* 
113 


104 


Burs 


No.9 


610 



Number of Copper 


Braziers' Rivets in one 


Pound. 


Nos 





1 


2 


3 


4 


5 G 


7 


8 


9 


10 




148 


100 


70 


44 


34 


24 1 18 


12 


9 


6 


4 



103 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



1 




Bar and Sheet Bi 


ass. 




1 






WEIGHT IN POUNDS. 








O oj 

3 bt u 




I i£ 

«3 




u 

O «-■ 0D 

O '-' 

ova 


So 




ob si 


58 

<x> 3 

A a" 


5 


11 

0&4 




52 


3r° 


£ 


HP55 


mm 


GQtH 


W»H 


^ai» 


tti'-n 


OQtH 


KtH 


1-16 


2.7 


.015 


.011 


1 1-10 


45.95 


4.07 


3.20 


Ji 


5.41 


.055 


.045 


J6 


49.69 


4.55 


3.57 


3-16 


8.12 


.125 


.1 


3-16 


51.4 


5.08 


3.97 


X 


10.76 


.225 


.175 


X 


54. IS 


5.65 


4.41 


5 16 


13.47 


.350 


.275 


5-16 


56.85 


6.22 


4.85 


% 


16. 2 3 


.51 


.395 


% 


59.55 


6.31 


5.35 


7-16 


19. 


.69 


.54 


7-16 


62.2.5 


7.45 


5.85 


X 


2t.6> 


.905 


.71 


X 


65. 


8.13 


6.37 


9-16 


24.3 


1.15 


.9 


9-16 


57.75 


8.83 


6.92 


H 


27.12 


1.4 


1.1 


% 


70.35 


9.55 


7. 48 


11-16 


29.77 


1.72 


1.35 


11-16 


73. 


10.27 


8.05 


\ 


32.46 


2.05 


1.60 


X 


75.85 


11. 


8 65 


13-16 


35.18 


2.4 


1.85 


13-16 


78.52 


11.82 


9.29 


% 


37.85 


2.75 


2.15 


% 


71.25 


72.68 


9 95 


15-16 


40.55 


3.15 


2.48 


15-16 


84. 


13.5 


10.58 


1 


43.29 


3.65 


2.85 


2 


86.75 


14.35 


11.25 






Bar and SI 


fieet Co] 


E>per 










Weight ii 


i Pounds. 








O 1- 9l 

v « a 


*1 


2 ti 


II 


<tl hi o 

« *> 2 


si 




§§ 


2-2.3 


22 

« 3 

J3 O* 


is 

5^ 


on 


2-5 N 




0>«a 

p 


= s 


EhOm 


«2«2 


M^ 


P^^-i 


Eh«m 


CC'Ji 


02 rH 


KrH 


1-16 


2.83 


.015 


.011 


1 1-16 


49. 


4.35 


3.41 


><r 


5.75 


.06 


.056 


X 


52. 


4.86 


3 85 


3-16 


8.65 


.134 


.105 


3-16 


54 9 


5.40 


4.29 


X 


11.48 


.235 


.187 


¥ 


57.65 


C. 


4.73 


5-16 


14.36 


.375 


.295 


5-16 


60.5 


0.60 


5.20 


H 


17.28 


.54 


.424 


% 


53.45 


7.27 


5.70 


7-16 


20.19 


.735 


.575 


7-16 


66.35 


7.90 


6.28 


^ 


23.1 


.960 


.75 


X 


69.3 


S.64 


6.80 


9-16 


26. 


1.21 


.95 


9-16 


72.15 


9 28 


7.30 


ft 


28.85 


1.51 


1 17 


% 


75.1 


10.15 


8. 


11-16 


31.68 


1.81 


1.42 


11-16 


77 95 


10.95 


8.6 


X 


34.57 


2.15 


1 7 


% 


80.75 


11.70 


9.24 


13-16 


86.46 


2.54 


2. 


13-16 


83.60 


12.60 


9.85 


% 


40.39 


2.95 


2.3 


% 


86.58 


13.46 


10.55 


15-16 


43.27 


3.37 


2.64 


15-16 


09.45 


14.35 


11.25 


1 


46.15 


3.84 


3.01 


2 


»2.25 


15.35 


12. 



104 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



Weight of Iron, Steel, 


Copper and Brass Plates. 


DIAMETER AND 


THICKNESS DETERMINED 


BY AMERICAN 


GAUGE. 


No of 




Weight of Plates per Square 


Foot. 


Gauge. 


each No. 


Wrought 
Irou. 


Steel. 


Copper. 


Brass. 


0001 

000 

00 




Inch. 
.46000 
.40964 
.36480 
.32486 


Lb.-. 
17.25 
15.3615 
13.68 
12.1823 


Lbs. 
17.48 
15.5663 
13.8624 
12.3447 


Lbs. 
20.838 
18.557 
16.525 
14.716 


Lbs. 
19.683 
17.533 
15.613 
13.904 


ij 

i 9 
3 

4 

5 


.28930 
.25763 
22942 
.20431 
.18194 


10.8488 
9.6611 
8.6033 
7.6616 

6.8228 


10.9934 
9.7899 
8.7180 
7.7638 
6.9137 


13.105 
11.671 
10.393 
9.2552 
8.2419 


12.3S2 
11.027 
9.8192 
8.7445 

7.787 


6 

7 
8 
9 
10 


.16202 
. 14428 
.12843 
.11443 
.10 89 


6.0758 
5.4105 
4.8184 
4.2911 
3.8209 


6.1568 
5.4826 
4 8826 
4.3483 

3.8718 


7.33?5 
6.5359 
5.8206 
5.1837 
4.6156 


6.9345 
6.1752 
5.4994 
4.8976 
4.3609 


11 
12 
13 

14 
15 


.090742 
.080808 
.071961 
.064084 
.057068 


3.4028 
3 0303 
2.6985 
2.4032 
2.1401 


3.4182 
3.0707 
2.7345 
2.4352 
2.1686 


4.1106 
8.6606 
3.2593 
2.9030 
2.5352 


3.8838 

3.4586 

3.0799 

•2.742* 

2.4425 


15 
17 
18 
19 
2, 


.050820 
.045257 
.040303 
.035890 
.031961 


1.9058 
1.6971 
1.5114 
1.3459 
1.1985 


1.9312 
1.7198 
1.5315 
1.3638 
1.2145 


2.3021 
2.0501 
1.8257 
1.6258 

1.4478 


2.1751 

1.937 

1.725 

1.5361 

1.3679 


21 
22 
23 
24 
25 


.028462 
.025347 
.022571 
.020100 
.017900 


1.0673 
.95051 
.84641 
.75375 
.67125 


1.0816 
.96319 
.8577 
.7638 
.6802 


1.2893 
1.1482 
1.0225 
.91053 

.81087 


1.U182 

1.0849 

.96604 

.86028 

.76612 


26 
27 
28 
29 
30 


.01594 

.014195 

.<'12641 

.011257 

.010025 


.59775 
.53231 
.47404 
.42214 
.37594 


.60572 
.53941 
.48036 
.42777 
.38095 


.72208 
.64303 
.57264 
.50994 
.45413 


.68223 

.60755 
.54103 
.48180 
.42907 


31 
32 
33 
34 
35 


.008928 
.007950 
.007080 
.006304 
.005814 


.3348 

.29813 

.2655 

.2364 

.21053 


.33926 
.30*1 
.26904 
23955 
.21333 


.40444 
.36014 
.32072 
.28557 
.25431 


.38212 
.34026 

.30302 
.269S1 
.24028 


1 

36 
37 
38 
39 
40 


.005000 
.004453 
.003965 
.003531 
.1 03144 


.1875 

.16699 

.14869 

.13241 

.1179 


.19 

.16921 
.15067 
13413 

.11947 


.2265 

.20172 

.17961 

.15995 

.14242 


.2140 

.19059 

.1697 

.15113 

.13456 


Specific Grav 

Weight per Cubic 
Foot 


7.200 
450. 


7.296 
456. 


8.693 
543.6 


8.218 
513.G 



105 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



Seamless Brass and Copper Tubing. 



List of 


Regular Sizes. 


Weight per ft. 


List of Regular Sizes. 


Weight per ft 


Outside 
Diam. 




Stubs' 

Wire 

Gauge. 


■ 

2 

m 


£ 

3 
A 

& 
o 

O 


Outside 
Diam. 


i 

A 
3 

I 


Stubs' 
.Wire 
Gauge. 


m 

at 
at 
U 

« 


o 
P. 
Pi 
o 
O 


§ 


12 ft. 


19 


.18 


.19 


2* 12 


ft. 


12 


2.53 


2.66 


1 




18 


.27 


.29 


a| 




12 


2.68 


2.82 


I 




18 


.33 


.35 


n 




12 


2.84 


2.99 


i 




17 


.46 


.49 


21 




10 


3.74 


3.94 


a 




17 


.49 


.53 


1\ 




10 


3.99 


4.15 






17 


.r-3 


.58 


on ' 




10 


4.14 


436 


H 




16 


.63 


.67 


3 




10 


4.54 


4.78 


l 




16 


.67 


.71 


3J ■ 




10 


4.94 


5.20 


H 




1G 


.76 


.80 


3* 




10 


5.35 


5.63 


ij 




15 


.97 


1.02 


4 ' 




10 


6.14 


6 46 


n 




14 


1.22 


1.29 


** 




10 


6.33 


6.66 


i| 




J4 


1.36 


1.44 


*i 




10 


6.52 


6.86 


ij 




)3 


1 65 


1.74 


H 




10 


6 72 


7.07 


ij 




13 


1.79 


1.88 


*h 




10 


6.92 


7.28 






13 


1.83 


1.92 


4| 




10 


7 30 


7.68 






12 


2.19 


2.31 


5 ' 




10 


7.67 


8.08 




12 


2.28 


2 40 


51 




10 


8.49 


8.94 


a 




12 


2.35 


2 47 


6 ' 




10 


9.31 


9.79 



Weight of Brass, Copper and Zinc 
Tubing, per Foot. 

NUMBERED BY BROWN & SHARPE'S GAUGE. 



Weight in Thousandths of Pounds. 



BRASS. 
No. 17. 



Pounds. 



.107 
.157 
,185 
.234 



1 


.266 




.318 




.333 


f 


.377 


.462 


1 


.542 


li 


.675 


H 


.740 


.915 


13 


.980 


2 


1.506 


2* 


1.90 


3 


2.188 



BRASS. 
No. 20. 



Incli. 



Pounds. 



.032 
.039 
.063 
.106 
.1-16 
.153 
.189 
.208 
.220 
.252 
.284 
.378 
.500 
.5£0 



COPPER. 

Lightning-Red Tube. 

No. 23. 



Inch. 


Pounds. 


1 


.162 


& 


.176 




.186 


tt 


.211 


i 


.229 


zn 


fC. 


No. 


20. 



.161 
.185 
.234 
.272 
.311 
.380 
4*3 



106 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



SEAMLESS COPPER TUBING. 



Weight per Foot, in Pounds. 



0. D. 


STUBS' WIEE GAUGE. 


O. D. 


STUBS' WIRE GAUGE. 


Inches. 


11 


1 2 


13 


14 


15 


16 


Inches. 
3 


11 
4.35 


12 
3.81 


13 
3.30 


14 
2.90 


15 
2.51 


16 


| 


.57 


.50 


.46 


.41 


.37 


.33 


2.93 


f 


.76 


.66 


.60 


.52 


.47 


.42 


H 


4.54 


3.97 


3.44 


3.02 


2.61 


2 3? 


f 


.94 


.82 


.74 


.64 


.58 


.52 


H 


4.73 


4.13 


3.58 


3.14 


2.72 


2 42 


1.18 


1.00 


.88 


.76 


.69 


.62 


3§ 


4.92 


4.29 


3.72 


3 26 


2.82 


2.51 




1.32 


1.16 


1.02 


.89 


.80 


.71 


Z\ 


5.12 


4.47 


3.87 


3 38 


2.93 


2 61 


H 


1.51 


1.32 


1.17 


1.01 


.91 


.80 


3| 


5.31 


4.64 


4 01 


3 50 


3 04 


2.70 


n 


1.71 


1.49 


1.31 


1.14 


1.02 


.90 


H 


5.50 4 82 


4.15 


3,62 


3.14 


2.80 


13 


1.90 


1.65 


1.46 


1.29 


1.12 


1.00 


H 


5.694.99 


4.29 


3 74 


3.24 


2.89 


H 


2.08 


1.82 


1.60 


1.44 


1.23 


1.09 


4 


5.885.15 


4 44 


3 86 






1 2 


2.26 


1.98 


1.74 


1.58 


1.34 


1.18 


H 


6.065.31 


4 58 


3 98 






] 3 


2.46 


2.15 


1.88 


1.70 


1.45 


1.28 


H 


6.24 5.48 


4.72 


4,10 








2.65 


2.31 


2.02 


1 82 


1.55 


1.37 


4| 


6.43 


5.64 4.86 


4.22 






2 


2.84 


2.47 


2.16 


1.94 


1.66 


1.47 


H 


6.62 


5.80 5.00 


4.34 






n 


3.02 


2.66 


2.30 


2.06 


1.76 


1.56 


4"' 


6.80 


5.96 


5.15 


4,46 






n 


3.21 


2.82 


2 45 


2.18 


1.86 


1.66 


H 


6.99 


6.13 


5.29 


4 58 






n 


3.40 


2.99 


2.59 


2.30 


1.97 


1.75 


5 


7.35 


6.46 


5.57 


4.82 






H 


3.59 


3.15 


2.73 


2.42 


2.07 


1.85 


H 


7.74 


6.79 










2| 


3.78 


3.32 


2.87 


2.54 


2.18 


1.94 


5* 


8.13 


7.12 










» 


3.97 


3.48 


3.01 


2.66 


2.29 


2.04 


H 


8.52 


7.45 










H 


4.16 


3.65 


3.16 


2.78 


2.40 


2.13 


6 


8.90 


7.78 











To ascertain weight of Seamless Brass Tubing, multiply by .95. 





TBLOXT 


^XJPT, Ri7^n=:s, 








Weight per ft. 




Weight per ft. 


Outside 


Same 


jA 


00 . 

5 in 


P. 2 


Outside 


Same 




ii ti 


Diam. 


as Iron 


g 


£$ 


gtt 


Diam. 


as Iron 


a 


B J 


§« 




Size. 


)-) 


O 




Size. 


a 


O 


I_3 


! 


12 ft. 


.31 


.33 


If 


li 


12 ft. 


2.42 


2.54 


£ 


" 


.42 


.44 


n 


4 


11 


2.92 


3.07 


h 


3 


«' 


.56 


.59 


2| 


2 


M 


3.90 


4.09 


if 


1 


•« 


.81 


.85 


2| 


H 


il 


5,14 


5.41 


1A 


3 


** 


1.19 


1.25 


3* 


3 


11 


8.08 


8.50 


1A 


1 


it 


1.66 


1.74 






• 








SIZES AND WEIGHT OF COPPER TUBE. 

NO. 18 STUBS' WIRE GAUGE.* 



INSIDE 


WEIGHT 


INSIDE 


WEIGHT 


INSIDE 


WEIGHT 


DIAMETER. 


PEE FOOT. 


DIAMETER. 


PER FOOT. 


DIAMETER. 


PER FOOT. 


I 

S 

3 


.32 


u 


.95 


2 


1.40 


.43 


If 


1.02 


24 


1.50 


.55 


H 


1.10 


2£ 


1.60 


7 


.65 


if 


1.15 


n 


1.70 


1 


.75 


1.20 


n 


1.80 


H 


.85 


1.30 







In ordering, state whether Tubes are to be annealed for bending. 

* The above weights are theoretically correct, but in practice deviations 
from the theoretical weight must be expected. 



107 



o 


31 




»■»»»•*»' 




ill 


m 


I 


£2£2 


u 



Pehhstlyhih Wire Works, 



233 Arch. Street, 



PHILADELPHIA, PA, 



EDWARD DARBY & SONS, 



MANUFACTURERS OF 

Brass, Copper, Steel and Galvanized Wire Cloth, 
Foundry Riddles, Brushes and Screens, Shovels, 

WZROU&HT IRON RAILING-, 

BANK AND OFFICE RAILING, 

BRASS AND IRON GRILLE WORK. 

ART METAL WORK A SPECIALTY, 

Wire and Iron Goods of Every Description. 




Standard Tool Co. 



ATHOL, MASS. 

Manufacturers of 

The Celebrated Chaplin Try and Center Square, 

Standard Steed Rudes, Steed Cadifer Rudes,. 
Universad Beveds, 

DEPTH GAUGES, IMPROVED SURFACE GAUGES, 

Cadiper Gauges, Beved Protractors, 
Screw Pitch and Center Gauges, 

— HARDENED STEEL SQUARES 

Graduated Steed Squares, Spring Cadipers, 
Pdiers, Straight Edges, Etc.. Etc. 

Write for Illustrated Catalogue and Price List cf Full Line. 




HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



S 



STANDARD WEIGHTS OF LEAD PIPE, Etc. 

WEIGHT PER FOOT OP LEAD PIPE AND TIN-LINED LEAD PIPE. 



-££ 


AAA. 


AA 


A 


B 


C 


1> 


E 


da 


Brooklyn. 


Ex Strong 


Strong. 


Medium. 


Light. 


Ex Light. 


Fountain. 




Lb. Oz. 


Lb. Oz. 


Lb. Oz. 


Lb. Oz. 


Lb. Oz 


Lb. Oz. 


Lb. Oz. 


% 


1 8 


1 5 


1 2 


1 


13 


10 


8 


% 


3 


2 


1 12 


1 4 


1 


13 


11 


% 


3 8 


2 12 


2 S 


2 


1 12 


1 8 


1 


% 


4 8 


3 8 


3 


2 4 


2 


1 12 


1 4 


i 


6 


4 12 


4 


3 4 


2 8 


2 


1 S 


l* 


G 12 


5 12 


4 12 


3 12 


8 


2 8 


2 


IX 


9 


8 


6 4 


5 


4 4 


3 8 


3 4 


2 


10 12 


9 


7 


6 


5 4 


4 





LEAD WASTE PIPE. 



l l 4 inch, 2ft>!> per foot. 

2 " 3fl>s * 

2% " 4 and 6 IDs.... " 

3 " 3X,4X&5fts. " 



4 iuch, 4}£, 5, 6 & 8 lbs., .per foot. 
4)4 inch, 6, &% &8E>s... " 

5 inch, 8, 10 & 12 IDs.... " 

6 " 9% and upwards.. " 



EXTRA WEIGHTS OF LEAD PIPE. 



Calibre. 


7-16 Thick. 


% Thick. 


5-16 Thick. 


X Thick. 


3-16 


Thick. 




Lb. O/. 


Lb. Oz. 


Lb. O/. 


Lb. Oz. 


Lb. 


Oz. 


2,5$ inches.. 





16 11 


13 11 


11 


7 


13 


3 " .. 





19 10 


16 


12 


9 





*X " .. 


26 10 


21 10 


18 5 


15 


9 


8 


4 " .. 


30 


25 


21 


16 


12 


8 


4% " .. 











18 


14 





5 " .. 





31 





20 









PATEFT FINISH DROP SHOT, 

AMERICAN STANDARD SIZES. 





Diameter 
inlOlthscf 

an inch. 
.. IX 

3 

4 

5 

6 
..Trap Shot 

7 
..Trap Shct 

8 
..Trap Shot 

9 
.TTap Shct 
.. 10 


No of 

Shot to 

the oz 

84021 

107 c 4 

4565 

2326 

1346 

1056 

848 

68- 

56S 

472 

399 

338 

291 


No 

lr( 
.( 
It 

U 
It 
I. 


. 6 


Diameter 
in lOOths of 
an inch. 
11 


No 

Sill 

the 


.of 
)tto 
oz. 

?1S 




5 


12 


168 




4 


. 13 


1391 


No 12 . 


3 


.. .. 14 


106 


11 11 . 


2 


15 


86 


" 10 


1 


16 


71 


" 10 


B 


17 


59 


" 9 


BB . 
BBB ... 

T 


18 

19 

...... 20 


53 


" 9 

" 8 


42 
36 


« g 


TT 


21 


31 


•* 7 


F 


22 


27 


" 7 


FF 


23 


24 



COMPRESSED BUCK SHOT, 



No. 3. 



D'ameter 
in lOOthe of 
an inch. 
25 
27 
30 



No. of 
Balls to 
the lb 
284 
232 
173 
140 



No 00.. 
" 000. 
Balls... 



Diameter 

in lOOths of 

an inch. 

34 

36 

38 

44 



No. of 

Balls to 

the B>. 

115 

9"< 

S5 
50 



109 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



RULES FOR COMPUTING WEIGHTS OF 
METALS. 

I. — CAST IKON. 

To find the weight of a cast-iron rod or bar : multiply the 
weight of a wrought rod or bar from the usual tables, and 
deduct 2.27 of its weight, 

II. — WROUGHT IRON. 

To compute the weight of any piece of wrought iron : find 
the number of cubic inches it contains and multiply by .2816. 
This will give the weight in pounds. 

III. — CAST IRON. 

Multiply the number of cubic inches by .2607. 

rv. — COPPER. 
To compute the weight of copper : ascertain the number of 
cubic inches, and multiply by .3242. 
v. — LEAD. 
To compute the weight of lead : multiply the number of 
cubic inches by .41015. 

VI. — BRASS. 

To compute the weight of brass : multiply the number of 
cubic inches by .3112. 



USEFUL MATHEMATICAL RULES. 



multiply the length by 
multiply the diame- 



To find the area of a parallelogram 
the breadth. 

To find the circumference of a circle 
ter by 3.14159. 

To find the diameter of a circle : multiply the circumfer- 
ence by .31831. 

To find the area of a circle : multiply the square of the 
diameter by .7854; or, multiply the square of the circumfer- 
ence by .079577; or, multiply half the diameter by half the 
circumference. 

To find the area of a circular ring : multiply the sum of the 
diameters of the two circles by the difference of the diameters, 
and that product by .7854. 

To find the side of a square that shall equal the area of a 
given diameter or circumference : multiply the diameter of the 
circle by .886227; or, multiply the circumference of the circle 
by .282094. 

To find the diameter of a circle that shall contain the area 
of a given square : multiply the side of the given square by 
1.12838. 

To find the side of the largest square that can be inscribed 
in a circle of a given diameter or circumference : multiply the 
given diameter by .707106; or, multiply the given circumfer- 
ence by .225079. 

To find the circumference of a circle required to exactly 
admit a square of a given side: multiply the given side by 
.225079. 



no 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



VALUE OF IRON, 



VALUE PER GBOSS TON (2240 LBS.) OF IRON AT FROM 1-lOlH OF A CENT 

TO 10 CENTS PER POUND, INCREASING AT RATE OF 

1-1UTH OF A CENT PER POUND. 



Per Lb. Per Ton . 



$0,001 
0.002 
0.003 
0.004 
0.005 
0.006 
0.007 
0.008 
0.009 
0.010 
0.011 
0.012 
0.013 
0.014 
0.015 
0.616 
0.017 
0.018 
0.019 
0.020 
0.021 
0.022 
0.023 
0.024 
0.025 
0.026 
0.027 
0.028 
0.029 
0.030 
0.031 
0.032 
0.033 
0.034 



$2.24 

4.48 

6.72 

8.96 

11.20 

13.44 

15.68 

17.92 

20.16 

22.40 

24.64 

26.88 

29.12 

bl.36 

33.60 

35.84 

38.08 

40.32 

42.56 

44.80 

47.04 

49.28 

51.52 

53.76 

56.00 

58.24 

60.48 

62.72 

64.96 

67.20 

69.44 

71.68 

73.92 

76.16 



Per Lb. 1 Per Ton. 



$0,035 
0.036 
0.037 
0.038 
0.039 
0.040 
0.011 
0.042 
0.043 
0.044 
0.045 
0.046 
0.047 
0.048 
0.049 
0.050 
0.051 
0.052 
0.053 
0.054 
0.055 
0.056 
0.057 
0.058 
0.059 
0.060 
0.061 
0.062 
0.063 
0.064 
0.065 
0.066 
0.067 



$78.40 
80.64 
82.88 
85.12 
87.36 
89.60 
91.84 
94.08 
96.32 
98.56 
100.80 
103.04 
105.28 
107.52 
109.76 
112.00 
114.24 
116.48 
118.72 
120.96 
123.20 
125.44 
127.68 
129.92 
132.16 
134.40 
136.64 
138.88 
141.12 
143.36 
145.60 
147.84 
150.08 



Per Lb. 



$0,068 
0.069 
0.070 
0.071 
0.072 
0.073 
0.074 
0.075 
0.076 
0.077 
0.078 
0.079 
0.080 
0.081 
0.082 
0.083 
0.084 
0.085 
0.086 
0.087 
0.088 
0.089 
0.090 
0.091 
0.092 
0.093 
0.094 
0.095 
| 0.096 
I 0.097 
! 0.098 
| 0.099 
i 0.100 



Per Ton. 



$152.32 
154.56 

156.80 

158.04 

161.28 

163.52 

165.76 

168.00 

170.24 

172.48 

174.72 

176.96 

179.20 

181.44 

183.68 

185.92 

188.16 

190.40 

192.64 

194.88 

197.12 

199.36 

201.60 

203.84 

206.08 

208.32 

210.56 

212.80 

215.04 

217.28 

219.52 

221.76 

224.00 



SIZE AND STRENGTH OF CAST-IRON COLUMNS, 

Capable of Sustaining: Load, Expressed in Cwts. 













DIAMETER IN 


INCHES. 










H'g't. 
Ft. 


2^ 
119 


3 

178 


3^ 


4 


4i 


5 


6 

607 


7 
1032 


8 
1333 


9 
1716 


10 
2119 


11 

2570 


12 


4 


247320 


418522 


3050 


G 


60 


105 


143 232 


318400 


501 


59 1 


1015 


1397 


1700 


2150 


3040 


8 


40 


91 


135214 


288379 


479 


573 


980 


1289 


1659 


2045 


2490 


10 


39 


65 


1111172 


242 327 


427 


525 


924 


1224 


1603 


2007 


2450 


12 


26 


55 


97 


156 


220 


301 


394 


497 


887 


1161 


1564 


1910 


2300 



Ml 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



LIST OF EXTRAS ON BAR IRON. 

OTtnTVA-v qr™* * Rounds and Squares £ to 2 in. diam. 

U " I ' A " Y »"ES- | FIats ltQ 4>< 3 tQ ^ apd ^ tQ G>< 3 to ^ 

ie^t^-a. sizes. 



Rounds and 
Squares. 



No G and A in. 

No. 5 

No. 4 

Nos. 2, 3, J & fa 

~n> 

a 



£ A. .1 

8 G- l c • • 

2i- to 2* 
3 to 3£.. 



eg. 1 

W"8| 



* l 



to 4 

^lVto4i 

4.% to 5 

EA13 BOUND. 



I toll, 

4 A. .1 ;) 
4^16' 
§ & 4 L 



1.3 
1.0 
0.8 
0.7 
0.6 
0.5 
0.4 
0.2, 
0.1 
0.l| 
0.3 
0.5; 
0.6, 
0.8 



0.5 
0.6| 
0.7 ( 
0.9 

l.ll 



Flats. 



Hxi 

HX^ 

Hx-A 

tx& 

txf 

*x& 

?xH 

|x-,V 

tX3 7 / 

txi- 

»x* 

Hx*' 

HxA 

iixS 

HxA 

HxA 



. 7 6 xi. 

&XA 



* 00* 



4.0 
3.5 
3.0 
2.5 
3.6 
3.0 
2.5 
2.3 
2.0 
1.8 
1.6 
3.0 
2.6 
2.5 
2.2 
1.8 
1.6 
1.4 
2.3 
1.0 
1.6 



Flat-. 




? V V, 


1 5 


tVxJ 

i&Ax*t?t 

5 AUXn 


1.3 
1.2 
1.1 

9 


»*iiXi*A 

S&Hx|toi 

2 V X 


0.7 
0.5 

7 


\4 A 1 b 

'2x± Ay* 


0.5 


*Xf to £ 


0.4 


JxA 

Jxi & vV 


0.G 
5 


Ixftof 


4 


ix, 3 b - 


0.4 


lto6xiXA 

2to4xli s 6 to2.. 
2 to 4X2,^0 3.. 

4 T Vto6xl T Vto2 
|4 1 VtoGx2 1 V to 3 

1 


0.2 
0.2 
0.3 
0.2 
0.4 



For cutting to specific lengths, It) to 20 feet, 0.2 cent extra. 



CAST STEEL CROWBARS. 






Weight 1 — 1 8 | 10 | 12 | 14 


16 


18 


Inch Square | — | I \ 1 1 1 ,V ! H 


lit 


H 


Inches in Length. | — | 48 | 54 | C2 | CJ 


GG 


67 


Weight | 20 | 22 | 24 | -26 | 28 


30 




Inch Square | 1\ 1 h h e 1 l * 1 J * 1 H 


H 




Inches in Length.. | 72 | 72 | 72 | 74 | 74 


7G 





COPPER SHEATHING SHEETS. 



Sheathing is the name applied only to sheets measuring 14x13 inches 
Showing Wt. per Fheet. No. or' ehanU per r,»-*e an. I W't per cas 

Oz. per sq. foot. . . 16| 18 20 22 24 2G "28 



Pounds per sheet. 
Sheets per case . . . 
Pounds per case . . 



4.10 5.4 



125 



115 



583 604 



5.13 6.7 



lOOi 100 



583 642 



7. 



85 
595 



7.9 

80 

607 



8.3 



75 



G13 



30 



1.12 



70 
G13 



32 



9.5 



65 



607 



112 



fSL 



HOPKINS 1 HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



WEIGHT OF HOOP IRON. 




One Foot in Length. 


Thickness. 


5 


1 


7 


1 


IS 


1J 


If 


n 


11 If 


2 


No. 


Inch. 


Lb. 


Lb. 


Lb. 


Lb. 


Lb. 


Lb. 


Lb. 


Lb. 


Lb 


Lb. 


Lb. 


21 


.0334 


.0716 


.0861 


.1 


.115 


.129 


.144 


.158 


.172 


.19 


7 .201 


.229 


20 


.0375 


.0731 


.0938 


. 10!) 


.125 


.141 


156 


.172 


.188 


.203 .219 


.25 


19 


.0438 


.0911 


.109 


,128 


.146 


164 


18? 


.2 


.219 


.238 .257 


.292 


18 


.05 

.0563 

.0625 


.104 
.117 
.13 


.125 
.141 
.156 


.146 
.164 
.182 


.167 
.188 
.208 


.188 
.211 
.234 


.208 
.234 
.26 


.229 
.258 
.286 


.25 

.281 
.313 


.271 .292 
.305 .328 
.339 .365 


.333 
.375 
.417 


17 


16.. 




15.. 




.075 

.0875 

.1 

.1125 

.125 

.1406 

.1563 

.1919 


.iE6 

.183 

.203 

.234 

.26 

.293 

.326 

.358 


.188 

.219 

.25 

.281 

.313 

.352 

.391 

.43 


.219 

.256 

.292 

.328 

.365 

.41 

.456 

.501 


.25 

.293 

.333 

.375 

.417 

.469 

.522 

.573 


.281 
.239 
.375 
.422 
.469 
.527 
.£87 
.644 


.413 
.366 
.416 
469 
.521 
.586 
.652 
.716 


.344 
.402 
.458 
.516 
.573 
.645 
.717 
.788 


.375 

.438 

.5 

.563 

.625 

.703 

.783 

.859 


.307 .438 
.475 .512 
.543 .584 
.609 .656 
.677 .729 
.762 .82 
.848 .913 
.931 1. 


.5 

.585 
.667 
.75 
.833 
.838 
1.04 
1.15 


14 


13 


12 


ll 


10 


9..- 


8 . 




7.. 




.1875 
.2031 
.2188 


.391 
.423 
.456 


469 
.508 
.547 


.547 
.593 
.638 


.625 
.677 

.729 


.703 
.762 
.82 


.781 
.836 
.912 


.859 
.931 


.938 
1.02 
1.09 


1.02 

1.1 

1.19 


1.1 

1.19 

1.28 


1.25 
1.35 
1.46 


6 


5.. 






.2344 


.48* 


586 


.683 


781 


.879 


.977 


1.07 


1.17 


1.27 


1.37 


1.56 


HOOP AND SCROLL IRON. 


Numbe 


rof Feet in a Bundle of 56 Pounds. 


HOOP III 


ON. 


SCROLL IRON. 


Size. 




Feet in 


Size. 


Feet in 
Bundle. 


Width. 


Thick 


Bundle. 


Width. 


Thick. 


| 


nches. 


No. 21 




815 


\ inches. 


No. 10 


240 


f 


nches. 


No. 20 




630 


| inches. 


No. 16 


430 




nches. 


No. 19 




450 


| inches. 


No. 14 


347 


1 


inches. 


No. 18 




360 


jj inches. 


No. 1 - 


190 


H 


nches. 


No. 11 




278 


% inches 


No. 16 


360 


1} 


nches. 


No. 1C 




217 


f inches. 


No. 14 


290 


H 


inches. 


No. 15 




160 


j inches. 


No 12 


208 


If 


inches. 


No. 15 




139 


\ inches. 


No. 10 


160 


2 inches. 


No. 14 




110 


1 inches. 

| inches. 

| inches. 
1 inches. 
1 inches. 


No. 16 
No. 14 
No. 12 
No. 16 
No. 14 


310 
249 
175 
270 
216 


1 




1 inches. 


No. 12 


152 


BREAKING 


STRAIN UPON VARIOUS METALS. 


The size of the rod 


tested being iu each case one inch square, and the 


numbe 


r ut pounds the actual breaking strain. 




Lbs. 


Lbs. 




. 19,000 


Zinc 2,600 




70 000 


Tin 5,500 




84.000 


Copper 35.000 


Soft steel 






120,000 
150,000 


Silver . . 
Gold . . . 


41,000 








22,000 I 


Lea 


d... 










660 



















113 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



Weight of Flat Iron. 

WEIGHT OF BUNKING FOOT IN FOUNDS. 



MSOMfti 1 ISHK. 



C<S 0» *# »r-lb»Ma>Tll«IOh->-«l CO ~t Irt © b- eft _ _^ «> £2 I? X ST S? 



tiS © to b- «.- t» b- b- 



i^t^ccc»xc»cco^cJo»oooOi^r-^ai^«eceof0^^j2JS 



e>s © ff»MS«»^H-+t- — ostooiio — h-ers Wr-b-eoefttfS^^Meoioc^j-tfS 
toi-ao H«Ma!Si-e>Orc9iio»oM!Ocet-M»ceHTii<eo>e<'*^«9 , i 1 O i 
u5»o»3totototototototot»t-b»t-t«oox>xxo>o»ej>OJ©oo©i-<»-'<r-i^eje* 



)0»0» -T-l(NC»eOeCf»ftt©h-e-GDO» rH«*»O»1<>OtOtO»-C0O> • 

i © t- eft i--o»eOTf>otot-aD©©»'i<toco©5<i»ot-a>i-iM»o»-o>i-iei5>oe. 



'^•*'^''>*^f>s»oia«o»o«o»oia»otototototot-t-t-t-t-<Z)XceaoQOo»o>o>o>* ; 



tetsoif-ieMHXSts) t-Mftt to n h- »> co <+ e» us _ © o» jr 22 <*> 2 ^, 
Mfiaiaoi-woioiOr-NMMu'saa: r- e<s •* © i— o»©o»-*Ct-;CO©rHcr5>o 

eiiMMMeOOT«COei5^Tj'TfTt^^^^lCU50«U5»o'lOtOtOtOtOtOtOt-.t--t--t- 



I -t o> •>* e» us us to ©th to esi eo est as cc ers ■•* us us us to © h-t— h- co co eft eft o» 

00 eN^OSOS^USUS«©b-b-COGCeft©r-<NCO^O»t-GOe»©^S»eiS^U5©h-</) 

i-H eN«cioi:Noiesiefloi©i«oiciie^e<scise»SMas^eis^efS^ 



0» 't f- O* US h- IN U5 CO © CO © r-l © rH I— (M h- (M H- CO OC CO 00 «5 o> ^ en ^ g> »a _ • 



S^O*©*S»'NS»*lC>»C i «9* 



5-2 



;***« **«***« *** *^* **« **« ***„ : 

© i— oo e> © "- 1 5 ' 



»OT-ite<NH.eoo>tj< iOi-i»-eiootefti3 — ©iMf-eoeft-t©©r-b-irja)-t »£*-;© 

CMM"«ot-co©r-ceo»o©aoe»T-is>i-4»«i-'eft©c>Jef5»o©oo©'-e':-^'©i-eft^<>i-^>»o 



'H,^ r H,- T He^<?»©j©»esa»©»aseoasasaseis-*'<i , *t>9'-'*'*usu5u:u;usu5us©©©' 



3! i— Moosfioair-'tt. ec©efte>©aocv«»coo — eui- eo-^oojuscc'-^t-- 
r-I ,-! ,-! I ^ r-I ^ ,-1 rn' ©j ©j ©i ©3 ©i ©i ©i o» ers m eo as as as as •* ■*' t? ■<*' •*' -v -*' •* us us us us 



©tss 



•*»eui©tet-b-h-oeo»©>e» 



Tfisiet-x» 



ai» e> r-He)e>9Swtt'tion»«i-f>- 

©T-ici'#us©t-Goeft©r-CMei5-*us©i-ceeft©^-SMas 



iHHiHrir-lrlrtnnwile«e<e»»<J>W?l«Cl5<«M«Ci:MMMM'*'tTf' 



<m go © •># »-- c? t- us as <»©■■*©* «— us as i— e» i- -t ©» oo»«-eiHO(» co 
ci-HxaoOr-wM^rfiotii-orxoor-r-ffiM^ioieci-'xceftCr-sisi 

',^,^ T 4,^r^r^r^r^?^rHr*r^i^©i©«©ie<»©ie*©i©i©i©J©a<>»©>aSaSasaS 



i h- ©i f- ssi co eo go eo oc -* o» -* eft ■■* »<s us e ■- a t- e » ►- ji i- :.: x 

-T*iaus©©t-b-ccceoeft©©T-©»©»asas^-*usus©«t-i-!Xcoeft eft 



to— '©,-©?»H-7?i-cr:craSXase> 



l^-ostoefti-'-*j , ©e»e»'<fH- eieh ©» in co as © oo <— os©cO'-""» , ©e»-- «t © 
c^c4e^s3«aSasas^4^usiousus«©©©t-i-«-t-xx«Xc>eftefteft©©©^- 



5^ 



*:*3s*au*« ******* ^JKJfc***;^ ****** ^ ** 



U4 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



Weight of Flat Iron— Continued. 

"WEIGHT OF RUNNING FOOT IK POUNDS. 



^ | ©s co i~- i— o 



'OOODfllOiOOCHH 
'rlnriHIN NUI5IW 






do 


go co *- co in e© >~c«co©»iei«ffietsie cmoo e» io */> e*: co oo ci 10 

W « « » t- t- (-' 00 (B 00 IS) «' o o" H H ffi CO •*' * IS O »' (-•' 00 OS* OS o — < wi r>' co ■>* o° ! 



O0 


©,SS 


OS 1© 
OS <M if 


h- !M os e«s r^ io i?j os (M to is oo 

COSllOOOOfOlOHOi-lOi-i 


coioh-oonncoos 

t-Oflt-ffJt-COGOCOOO 


■* 


e© so os • 

OS T OS r? • 


r~r 


wN*ieiMc«fac«'*'*^i8io<0!8i- 


h-OOOOOSCSOOrHi-i 




g eo oo r* so • 


i, , 










(M S) Jl .N S) 


C-J 


«o t-t- 


00 OS 
lOt- 


ff» 00 CO CO I© 1© 1© OS 8«MIO 

ffi't!Ooooj<-*!C©iffloio:t- 


£8 


(smisiaco suuaaa 

■*C0IN<eOlfifllKI-r-O 


oo ©s ©s 


9100©OOOH~HHNlSNmM'*'*191SW»<Ot-h 


*- 


00 00 OS OS 5 • 















t-ooooooooaoooosc5CJOsoso©o»r-i^-ioflcsifficcMcot-*-*ic.w , o*o--ri 



PI . 



?*«»»; **s?*:*2*2s! **« **» ;*»* **« *** 

to t- oo e* o rH a 



ets-*-*>aioio<oot-t-b-ooooososooot-r-is<i<?<*4C(;cc-*-ti«wioorob-t- 



ffioowi-HH"* >- so »«9>iese)io«(B'*H'! , ie) io^^kn i© ;m ©> is 
e> in o o « i- r* V oosiaawcocut-ii^ae'isBieuieo^i-naasttjaM 
©» co c© •*' •*' ■** io so "5 » »' «o V- t»oo'»»oioi»©ooHriseiMi:Mei)')i'ttiij' 



' ©1 Tj< I© «© t- OS 



ifsei5M'^'-^<-*»oosOko<o«©<©i-»>-t-ooooooososes<L so c-i-^sinnm 



OD •* O ©5 00 •* «S> CO OS IO '-I t- CO OS IO tH b. CO OS I© «-> »-» CIS OS If) —I I— -+ OS I© ©» OS so 

©M*S-M©fl>H^»fflN*H«W«^0«W<«OM»»^M«*-'»»a 



y—h—rr>m i-tol'Ncta**!©*©*— h- 00 OS — iNNM'tW!5l-t» 00 OS — ' r» ©». ~" — ITS 
O CO © S I© f- OS £ CO S l- OS £ CO IO 1? | N^(OCCOIN-ii;C<BiCSei- ; ©-MWt- 
HrleJ««»WM«Mei!»^^^^BIOlo'»'9<B»»<SOl- 1 t«l' > l' , »-X 00 00 00* 



- I 



,_,' ,_; th' si ©J ei ©I «4 ei co co' eo' co' co' •*' •* ■*' ■*' -* <*' is' »©' -n i© io' o* -J o «' «a «0 «-' t-' t- «^ 



k***£*« ******* i-^i?.^»»« ^^«»j»!^« »?^ 



115 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



n 



FLAT IRON. 

NUMBER OF FEET IN A BUNDLE OF 112 POUNDS. 



s:ze. 

by U inch. 



V, 


" 5 16 


V: 


" % 


H 


" X 


% 


" 6-16 


% 


" X 


% 


" X 


X 


" X 


h 


" 5 16 


H 


" 3 ^ 


K 


" 7-16 


h 


" x 


h 


" *& 



Feet in 
Bundle. 






Size. 


26T 


% by 


¥ 


216 


% 


•' 


5-16 


1T5 


% 


lk 


% 


214 


% 




7-16 


170 


% 




X 


145 


% 


" 


X 


106 






K 


175 




it 


5-16 


142 




i< 


% 


120 




l * 


7-16 


103 




11 


V 


90 




4 


9-16 


70 




u 


% 



inch. 



Feet in 
Bundle. 



155 

122 

100 

90 

75 

60 

135 

106 

90 

78 

65 



Round and Square Iron. 

NUMBER OF FEET IN A BUNDLE OF 112 POUNDS. 



ROUND IRON. 






SQUARE IRON. 




Size. 
3-16 inch 


Feet in 
Bundle. 

1115 


3-16 

X 
5-16 

X 

7-16 

X 
9-16 

% 

11-16 

% 


Size. 


Feet in 
Buudle. 

95? 


3^ •♦ 


688 


a 


540 


5-16 " 


440 


a 


345 




305 


u 


240 


7 10 '• 


225 
170 


If 


176 


% *' 


it 


135 


9-16 " 


136 


u 


107 


% " 


110 


II 


87 


11-16 " 


90 


(1 


70 


U " 


75 


(1 


60 



Bound Bar Iron. 

WEIGHT OF A RUNNING FOOT IN POUNDS. 



a* 


Wt per. 


it 


Wt. per 


F-S 


Wt. per 


?i 


Wt. per 


3iA 

a 


foot. 
Lbs. 


5 


foot. 
Lbs. 


5 


foot. 
Lbs. 


A 


foot. 
Lbs. 


1-16 


.01 


1 1-16 


2.975 


2* 


11.9 


4 % 


44.85 


X 


.0411 


X 


8.338 


V 


13.3 


X 


4T.54 


3-16 


.0925 


3-16 


3.725 


% 


14.75 


X 


50.33 


X 


.1651 


¥ 


4.12 


V, 


16.4 


X 


53.32 


5-16 


.2573 


5-16 


4.645 


% 


18.1 


i/ 


56.34 


\ 


.371 


% 


5. 


% 


19.85 


% 


59.44 


7-16 


.505 


7-16 


6.455 


% 


21.6 


X 


62.62 


X 


.657 


X 


5.945 


3 


23.7 


5 


65.83 


9-16 


.835 


9-16 


6.445 


i/ 


25.55 


X 


69.23 


% 


1 031 


% 


6.975 


¥ 


27.81 


X 


72.65 


11-16 


1.235 


11-16 


7.52 


% 


29 *5 


X 


76.18 


K 


1.475 


X 


8.05 


X 


32.25 


X 


79.75 


13-16 


1.74 


i3-16 


8.65 


% 


34.45 


% 


83.45 




2 0!5 


X 


9.25 


H 


37.1 


% 


87.20 


15-16 


2 317 


15-16 


9.9 


H 


39.5 


X 


91 50 


1 


2.625 


2 


10.55 


4 


41.95 


6 


95 



¥<J'A bTEEL multiply tabular Dambef a'KMM (for size) 1.01. 



116 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 







^ 1 

SQUARE BAR IRON. 




WEIGHT OF A RUNNING FOOT, IN POUNDS. 


Thick 


Wt. per 


Thick 


Wt. per 


Thick 


Wt, per 


Thick 


Wt. per 
ft. Lbs. 


Inch. 


ft. Lbs. 


Inch. 


ft. Lbs. 


Inch. 


ft. Lbs. 


Inch. 


1-16 


0131 


1 1-16 


3.80 


2 1-8 


15.15 


4 1-8 


57.20 


1-8 


.0525 


1-8 


4.25 


1-4 


17. 


1-4 


60.75 


3-16 


.1182 


3-16 


4.73 


3-8 


18 5 


3-8 


64.35 


1-4 


.2103 


1-4 


5.25 


1-2 


25.5 


1-2 


68. 


5-16 


.3200 


5-16 


5.73 


5-8 


23.1 


5-S 


1-i. 


3-8 


.4735 


3-8 


6.35 


3-4 


25.2 


3-4 


75.65 


7-16 


.6445 


7-16 


6.95 


7-8 


27.5 


7-8 


79.80 


1-2 


.84 


1-2 


7.55 


3 


30.05 


5 


83.8 


9-16 


1.063 


9-16 


8.2 


1-8 


32.75 


1-8 


83.25 ! 


5-8 


1.314 


5-8 


8.85 


1-4 


35.5 


1-4 


92.5 


11-16 


1.59 


11-16 


9.57 


3-8 


38.25 


3 8 


97.15 


3-4 


1.6 


3-4 


10.30 1-2 


41.15 


1-2 


101. 


13-16 


2.221 


13-16 


11.05 1 5-8 


44.15 


5-S 


105.8 


7-8 


2.575 


7-8 


11. S3 3-4 


47.20 


3-4 


110.5 


15-16 


2.95 


15.16 


12.62 7-8 


50.25 


7-S 


115 15 


1 


3.35 


2 13.4 1 4 


53.75 6 120.25 


F( 


)R STEEL 


multiply tabular number above (for size) by 1 .01. 

BAND IRON. 




NUMBER 


OF FEET IN A BUNDLE OF 112 POUNDS. 




Size. 




Feet in 


Size. 


Feet in 
Bundle. 










Bundle. 






Widtl 


l. 


Thic 


k. 




Width. 


Thick. 




IX ircl 


ies. 


No. 


12 


265 


2% inches 


No. 12 


110 


IX 


< 


»• 


10 


213 


2% " 




10 


ss 


IX 




« 


7 


160 


2K " 




8 1 72 


1* ' 


1 


" 


12 


246 


2% " 




6 60 


IX 


» 


" 


10 


190 


3 " 




12 


•01 


IX 




«« 


7 


145 


3 " 




10 


80 


IX 


< «« 


12 


205 


3 " 




8 


66 


IX 


i 


*' 


10 


160 


3 




6 


57 


IX 


<■ 


(i 


7 


120 


Z\( " 




10 


75 


IX 




" 


12 


175 


ZX 




1 8 


60 


*K 




<< 


10 


138 


3* " 




' 6 


50 


IK 


' 


" 


8 


110 


3X " 




1 10 


69 


1% 




" 


7 


100 


3X 




• 8 


57 


2 


i 


l< 


12 


155 


3X " 




« 6 


48 


2 


« 


" 


10 


120 


4 " 




' 10 


60 


2 


( 


" 


8 


99 


4 " 




' 8 


50 


2 




4' 


7 


90 


4 




< 6 


40 


2 


< 


" 





81 


4X " 




' 10 


52 


2* 


< 


II 


12 


135 


4X " 




' S 


43 


»*:' 




'» 


10 


105 


4X '« 




' 6 


35 


2ir 


* 


" 


8 


88 


5 " 




' 10 


4S 


2* 


I 


" 


6 


72 


5 " 




' 8 


40 


2X 


* 


II 


12 


120 


5 " 




' 6 


T4 


IX 




" 


10 


95 


6 *■ 




' 10 


40 


2X 


" 


'» 


8 


77 


6 " 




' 8 


32 


2X 


U 1* 


6 65 


6 " 


" 6 


26 



(17 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



Weight of Sheet and Plate Iron. 

THICKNESS BY BIRMINGHAM WIRE GAUGE AND INCHES, WEIGHT 
OF A SQUARE FOOT IN POUNDS. 



THICKNESS. 




THICKNESS. 








Weight 






Weight 










B. W. 

Gauge. 


Part of m inch . 


Pounds. 
.126 


B.W. 

Gauge. 


Part of an inch. 


Pounds, 


36 


.004 


11 


.120 


4.4S 


35 


.005 


.2 2 




X or .125 


5.054 


34 


.00T 


.283 


10 


.134 


5.426 


33 


.008 


.322 


9 


.148 


5.93 


32 


.009 


.364 




5-32 or .1562 


C.305 


31 


.010 


.405 


8 


.165 


0.605 


30 


.012 


.485 


T 


.180 


7.27 


29 


.013 


.526 




3-16 or .1875 


7.5"8 


23 


.014 


.595 


6 


.203 


8.005 


27 


.016 


.677 




7-32 or 2:87 


8 79 


26 


.018 


.755 


5 


.'2-2 


S.912 


25 


.020 


.811 


4 


.238 


9.62 


24 


.022 


.912 




X or .25 


10.09 


23 


.025 


1.018 


3 


.259 


10<37 


22 


.028 


1.137 




9-32 cr .2812 


11. 3S 




1- 32 or .03125 


1.259 


2 


.284 


11.525 


21 


.032 


1.81 


1 


.3 


12.15 


20 


.035 


1.416 




5.16 or 3525 


12.58 


19 


.042 


1.695 





.340 


13.750 


18 


.049 


1.075 




11-32 or .3487 


13.875 


IT 


.058 


2.35 




X or .375 


15.10 


16 


.065 


2.637 


00 


.380 


15.26 




1-16 or .0625 


2.618 




13 32 or .4062 


16.34 


15 


.012 


2.92 


000 


.425 


17 125 


14 


.083 


3.35 




8-16 or .4375 


17.C5 




3-32 or .0937 


3 78 


0000 


.454 


18.30 


13 


.095 


3.85 




15-32 or .4607 


18.90 


12 


.HO 


4.4 


00000 


X or .50 


20.20 



Weight of Sheet and Plate Iron. 



THICKNESS IN INCHES. WEIGHT OF A SQUARE FOOT IN 


POUNDS. 


Inches 


Lbs. per 
SquareFoot 


Inches 


Lbs. per 


Inches 


Lbs. per 
SquareFoot. 


Thick. 


Thick. 


Square Poot 


Thick. 


9-16 


22.5 


1 X 


70.62 


3 X 


156.51 


X 


25.21 


13-16 


73.14 


4 


161.55 


11-16 


27.75 


% 


75 58 


X 


16*. 6 


X 


30.25 


15 16 


78.20 


X 


171.76 


13-16 


32.75 


2 


80.75 




176.71 


% 


35.26 


X 


85.75 


X 


1S1.77 


15-16 


37.75 


X 


90.81 


% 


186.79 


1 


40.35 


% 


95.86 


X 


191.84 


1-16 


42.87 


X 


100.9 


X 


196.9 


X 


45.4 


X 


105.95 


5 


201.85 


3-16 


47.9 


X 


111. 


X 


206.9 


5-16 


50.45 


X 


116.1 


X 


211.95 


52.96 


3 


121.15 


% 


217. 


% 


55.45 


X 


126.21 


X 


222.03 


7-16 


68.01 


X 


131.26 


X 


227.01 


H 


60.52 


X 


136.32 


X 


232.15 


9-16 


63.05 


X 


141.37 


X 


237.2 


% 


65.56 


X 


146.41 


6 


242.25 


11-16 


60.11 


H 


151.46 







For STEEL PLATES multiply tabular numbers above (foi Size) by 1 . 01. 



118 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



Weight and Thickness of Boiler Iron. 



1-8 inch 


weighs 5 lbs 


per sq. 


ft. 


No. 1 Iron is. 


..5-16 inch thick. 


3-16 " 


» 7*" 






No. 3 " . 


..9-32 " 


1-4 " 


" 10 " 






No. 4 " . 


..1-4 


5-ig " 


U 12i u 






No. 5 " . 


..7 32 


3-8 " 


M 15 « 






No. 7 " . 


..3-16 


7-16 " 


11 m« 










1-2 " 


U 20 " 











Thickness of Boiler Iron Required 

AND PRESSURES ALLOWED BY THE LAWS OF THE UNITED STATES. 

Pressure equivalent to the Standard for a Boiler 42-in. in di- 
ameter and 5 in thickness. 



XIX 


Diameter in inches. 


J2 » 




« r-l 




r 3 =3 


34 


36 


38 


40 


42 


44 


46 




Lbs. 


Lbs. 


Lbs. 


Lbs. 


Lbs 


Lbs. 


Lbs. 


5 


169.9 


160.4 


152. 


144.4 


137.5 


131.2 


125.5 


*| 


158.5 


149.7 


141.8 


134.7 


128.3 


122.5 


117 2 


4 


147.2 


139.1 


131.8 


125.1 


119.2 


113.7 


108.8 


4 


135.9 


128.3 


121.6 


115.5 


110. 


105 


100. 


SI 


124.5 


117.6 


111.3 


105.9 


100.8 


96.2 


92. 


113.2 


106.9 


101.3 


96.2 


91.7 


87.5 


83.. 


3 


101.9 


96.2 


91.2 


82 6 


82.5 


78.7 


75.. 



Number of Burden's Rivets in 


100 Lbs. 




i:i 


Thickness 


in inches. 




Thickness 


in inches. 


8 « 


















1-2 


5-8 


11-16 


3-4 


h3m 


1-2 


5-8 


11-16 


3-4 


3 

1 
8 


1,092 


665 






H 


433 


267 


212 


180 


1,027 


597 






a 


413 


248 


201 


169 


1 


940 


538 


450 






395 


241 


192 


160 


£ 


840 


512 


415 




4 




230 


184 


158 


* 


797 


487 


389 


356 


i 




220 


177 


150 


3 
f 


760 


460 


370 


329 


| 




210 


171 


146 


I 


730 


440 


357 


280 


3 




200 


166 


138 




711 


420 


340 


271 


5 




190 


161 


135 




693 


390 


325 


262 


l 




180 


156 


130 


1 


648 


375 


312 


257 


£ 




172 


151 


124 


2 


608 


360 


297 


243 






164 


145 


120 


i 


573 


354 


289 


237 


6 




157 


140 


115 


555 


347 


280 


232 


i 




150 


138 


111 


I 


525 


335 


260 


220 ! 


I 




146 


134 


107 


500 


312 


242 


208 


t 




143 


129 


101 


3 


460 


290 


224 


197 1 


7 




140 


125 


100 



119 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



GALVANIZED SHEET IRON. 

[From u The Volta Iron Co.," Pittsburgh, Pa.] 

Table, showing Gauges, with Weights per Square Foot; List Price per 

Pound ; Cost per Square Foot at List, together with Cost per 

Pound and per Square Foot at Different Discounts, 

ranging from 35 per cent, to 75 per cent. 

In this Table prices are calculated to three places of decimals, which is 

sufficiently accurate for all practical purposes. 



5S23S 



»©Hj<rHrHt-t-CN' 



rH<£,rH~?H©w© — © O O O < 



SS! 



© © © © © © O i 



&©©©oo©o© 



,wc«oxo«; 



HrHnr^ril.; 



I iff X CH-* 
t- X L- X 

| © © ©© 



iff © CN CN OS 



© co © l- © _ 

© w©©©©©< 



>e©w©e©©© 



x C5 ■* © CN 

t co •* co •<* co 

«©©©©© 



io"Wcn ©©©socNWCSifftor-iCNX 
x©x©c-xi-xi.-i : -©£-©t-©© 
©©©©©©©©©o©©^©,©© 



O©©©©©©© 



© © CO 

© © © 



©© ©© ©I 



HIO00IN*' 



g£2£2©©©< 



I O t- CN ■*< < 

!©©©©< 



© t- CN CO © - ©©CNCN©©©lffCO 

- n 2| -<r ^ 

o© © 



. jiottieiaoisioiooii^' 
©o©t_>©©©©©©©©<~ 



cn © x © ia co 

■* .'3 co co co co 
© © © © © © 



,i-i i-i — • © © © o ■ 



ICN © 

I© © 



© ia m 
© ©© 



2 2; CO CO CO w 

©©©©©© 



££;;o© ©©©©© 



© CN © X < 
t- t- L- © I 

© © ©© < 



I © © i-l iff © CN iff ~. 

IBS" 

1 o © 



' © © © © © © 



Iff iff -«1 Iff -V <« 



X CN iff 

© © © 



CO 2 1 CO CO CO CO 

© © © © © © 



. r-i © — © © © 



© CN iff X 
X C- X © 

© © ©© 



r-ll©t-C»eO©iai»©CNCN© 

0C©c-©t-O©O©lff©-^< 

©«©©©©©©«©©© 



X Iff 

©2 



■* CN © 



© © © CN CN < 

•J- 3 92 ^ so i 

©©©©©< 



dCHrtrlOi 



X SN Iff 

t- © t- 

© r-i © 



CNrH© t- Iff 

© x «u r- »a 



co cn x © tj *° 



©©©©©©©< 



©©©©©©©© 



>©©©©©©_ ©O© 



CN CN rH r-i © rH © rn © 



CNCNl- X 

■ r- t- © © 

. 1-1 © l-l © 



I X CN CO © X Iff CO ( 

© 



rH© ©©© © ©< 



Iff X © X Iff t- 



CO Iff < 

'© ©< 



© X © •* CN© 

CO iff CO iff CO ■* 

© © © © © © 



r-i©©eo ot-_*i 

CN©r^©rH©©lO©»Oi 
rH©rH©rH©rH©rH©< 



— © : 
1 Iff X • 
© © < 



a cn 
©© 



CO © X 
t- CO © 

o© © 



©©©©©( 



X X 


© 


Iff Iff CN © 

OHOrl 


© CN © © CO "*t-W 
©•*<©CO©:0©CNlOrH 
©i-^©rHC^r-i©i-l©rH 


-*< 
iff 

3 


E 


10 © -* 


1; 


iffcocNt-©r-i©'^ieo 

■*©i»<XCOXCOt-CO 

eeeooo © © © 


1 


CN 

CO© 

© © 


Iff X iff iff XCN 
X 00 CN X t- X t- L- l- 
£ CO r-CN © rH© rH © 


s 


© ■*< © t- 

© © © C 
©»H)©r«l 


O 


© 


CO t- Iff ■* X 
© -V Iff CO Iff CN 
© rH©.-.©rH 


s 


CI 




^ 


iff t; 

S M 




H§^ 


3 


|| 


X rH 
t~ CO t~ 

© © © 


rH "* r- CO 


X 
I- 


~> 


lffCNCN'*©lff©C- 
t- © t^ © © x -._ t- 


| 


© 


rH t-CO 
© © iff Iff 


iff 

3 


Iff 


Iff 

© 


t-« © iff ri 

CO •* CN ■* CN 

rH © rn © rH 


CN CO © iff © 

2f rH CO © CO 


I- CO © rH 

© rc x co x 


© X CN © 


X 


CN 


ia iff cn 

t- CN C~ 

© CN © 


CN 


© t- © X 

© © © © 


r2 


© t- rH 

X © » iff t- 


iff © iff 

©rH© 


COX 


5 


O iff CN 


© © t- 
CN iO r- 
H © r-i 


ggg§ 
Of-iO 


© 

©JO © 


•«r © cn w 

rH© i-t -^ 


X 


CO iff rH CN 
© C- X t- 
CN J CN © 


CN 


© © © X CO 

© Iff © ■* © 

©CN© CN© 


© Iff t- •* ^ 

CO © CN Iff 1-1 Iff 
CN© CN©CN © 


5j 


iff ot 

© I-I 


X 




X 


il 


CN 

3 


C- © © 
Iff CO T 
rH © rH 


© tfj CO HK CN 

CO CO CO CN CO rH 



: '. £ &~, rf ^ ^J r>,a gl^ O^ rifl rj.^ ^^ g.^ ^ g.^ Jjj.^ ^^ g.^ g.^ gl 
• *^- bji-h X—. COi-H 0Cr^ J. ^-- 00^^ OQ.-^ CCi-* Uih OQrH X — . X^« X^^ X — 4 X,— X 1— i m 



t« fc- U i. - i- 



- « ~ - 



aftftaaar.&r.P.ap.aftftftP.ftap.fts.P.as.aas.ftaftaaft 






-.2 a 

: : .^ I 

> .« o 

> : ;3 <» 

,-•11 * 

$ C<ti OS h 

|°«*3 © 

g n e. cr p, 

P <0 (o OQ jff 

5, P.y t, CO 

<D s. ftp* « 

&C60 *i h^ 

5«.2§ S 



5a a 



© © t- 



120 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 












SHEET ZINC. 










a> 


6 

60 


±3 

o 




Approximate W 


eight 




to 


"co d 

■go 

^2 






per Sheet. 






o 


"5 c -1 
t>:CO 


24 

X 


26 

X 


28 

X 


30 

X 


32 

X 


34 

X 


36 

X 


40 

X 


N 


£ 




81 


84 


84 


81 


84 


84 


84 


84 






oz. 


lbs. 


lbs. 


lbs. 


lbs. 


lbs. 


lbs. 


lbs. 


lbs. 


6 


29 


7 


6* 


H 


7* 


73. 
' 8 


8* 


8f 


9| 




7 


28^ 


8 


7 


n 


8* 


8 ? 


9* 


9* 


10* 




8 


28 


9 


H 


8* 


H 


9£ 


10* 


11* 


"I 




9 


27 


10* 


9} 


10 


10| 


11* 


12* 


13 


13| 




10 


2G 


12 


10* 


11* 


12 


13 


14 


15 


16 




11 


25 


13* 


12 


13 


14 


15 


16 


17 


18 




12 


24 


15 


13 


14 


15 


16* 


17* 


184 


20 




13 


23 


17 


15 


16 


17 


18* 


20 


21 


22 


25 


14 


22 


19 


17 


18 


19* 


21 


22 


23* 


25 


28 


15 


21 


22 


19 


21 


22* 


24 


25* 


27 


29 


32 


1G 


20 


25 


22 


24 


25* 


27 


29 


31 


33 


36 


17 


19 


28 


25 


27 


29 


31 


33 


35 


37 


41 


18 


18 


31 


27 


30* 


32 


34 


36 


38 


41 


45 


19 


17 


35 


31 


33 


36 


38 


41 


44 


46 


51 


20 


16 


40 


35 


38 


41 


44 


47 


50 


53 


59 



BAR AND SHEET LEAD. 

WEIGHT IN POUNDS. 



SHEET LEAD IS MADE TO WEIGH, PER SQUARE FOOT: 
2£, 3, 3£, 4, 4}, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 pounds, and upwards. 



121 



ness, or 
eter, or 
Inches. 




£ o 




ness, or 
eter, or 
Inches. 


fa 


If 
5$ 


2 m 
.a a 


Thick 
Diam 
Side; 


S2 f- 

A 

cc cr- 
CO 


cs o 
p o 

ODrH 


2 o 
«5 


E-c- 1 CO 


CO & 
CO 


c3 O 


9 o 

P O 

O &j 


A 


3.71* 


.02 


.014 


1A 


63.2 


5.6 


4.4 


i 


7.43 


.079 


.06 


H 


66.87 


6.26 


4.91 


a 


11. 


.175 


.136 


1»\ 


70.51 


6.98 


5.5 


i 


14.08 


.31 


.245 


1* 


74.35 


7.74 


6.1 




18.05 


.486 


.38 


1A 


78.65 


8.55 


6.73 


a 


22.02 


.695 


.549 


if 


81.76 


9.38 


7.38 


7 


26. 


.948 


.745 


1A 


85.48 


10.18 


8.05 




29.75 


1.25 


.975 


l* 


89.28 


11. 


8.75 




33.49 


1.55 


1.24 


1A 


93. 


12.05 


9.50 


ft. 


37.18 


1.95 


1.51 


it 


96.78 


13.15 


10.25 


.LI 


40.87 


2.33 


1.85 


1H 


100.5 


14.15 


11.06 


a. 

A 


44.58 


2.8 


2.2 


If 


104.1 


15.18 


11.88 


48.28 


3.28 


2.58 


hi 


107.8 


16.30 


12.76 


<_ 


52.12 


3.8 


2.98 


1* 


112.3 


17.45 


13.66 


la 
1 t> 

1 


56.05 


1.35 


3.41 


Iri 


116. 


18.10 


14.61 


59.48 


4.95 


3.9 


2 


119.6 


19.78 


15.58 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



Weight and Dimensions of Wrought Iron Welded P!pes. 

FOB GAS, STEAM AND WATER. 



Inside 


Outside 


Weight 


Inside 


Outside 


"Weight 


Diameter 


Diameter 


per foot in 


Diameter 


Diameter 


per foot in 


in inches. 


in inches. 


pounds. 


in inches. 


in inche«. 


pounds. 


X 


0.40 


0.24 


3 


3 5 


7.54 


X 


0.54 


0.42 


3>* 


4.0 


9.05 


% 


0.67 


0.56 


4 


4.5 


10.72 


* 


0.84 


0.85 


4* 


5.0 


12.49 


X 


1.05 


1.12 


5 


5.56 


14.56 


1 


1.31 


1.67 


6 


6.62 


18.77 


IK 


1.66 


2.25 


7 


7.62 


23.41 


134 


1.95 


2.69 


8 


8.62 


28.35 


2 


2.37 


3.66 


9 


9.68 


34.07 


2X 


2.87 


5.77 


10 


10 75 


40.64 



Lap Welded American Charcoal Iron Boiler Tubes. 

TABLE OF STANDARD SIZES. 



3 . 
t| 

si 


it 


11 

1 


H 

■- a 

►5 ° 


1 

S 


C *- • 

fisi 


Length of 

Pipe per sq. 

ft. of outside 

surface. 




is 

w 


& 

1 


Ins. 


In«. 


Ins. 


Ins. 


Ins. 


Feet. 


Feet. 


Ins. 


Ins. 


lbs. 


1 


3.142 


0.856 


2.6S9 


072 


4.460 


3.819 


0.575 


0.785 


0.708 


IK 


3.927 


1.126 


3.474 


0.072 


3.455 


3 056 


960 


1.227 


0.9 


is 


4.712 


1.334 


4.191 


0.083 


2.863 


2.547 


1.396 


1.767 


1.250 


1% 


5.598 


1.560 


4 901 


0.095 


2.448 


2.183 


1.911 


2.405 


1 .665 


2 


6.283 


1.804 


5.667 


0.093 


2.118 


1.909 


2.556 


2. 42 


1.9S1 


2& 


7.069 


2.054 


6.4S4 


0.C9S 


1.850 


1.698 


3.314 


3.976 


2.238 


iH 


7.854 


2.2S3 


7.172 


0.109 


1.673 


1.528 


4.094 


4 939 


2.755 


2} 4 


8.639 


2.533 


7.957 


0.109 


1.508 


1.390 


5.«39 


5.940 


3.045 


3 


9.425 


2.783 


8.743 


0.109 


1.373 


1.273 


C.083 


7.069 


3.333 


3& 


10.210 


3.012 


9.462 


0.119 


1.268 


1.175 


7.125 


8.29o 


S.953 


&k 


10.995 


3.262 


10.248 


0.119 


1.171 


1.091 


8.357 


9.621 


4.272 


t% 


11.781 


3.512 


11.033 


0.119 


1.088 


1.018 


9.687 


11.045 


4 590 


4 


12.666 


3.741 


11.753 


0.130 


1.023 


0.955 


10.992 


12.566 


6.320 


4% 


14.137 


4.241 


13.323 


0.130 


0.901 


0.849 


14.126 


15.*04 


6 Oil 


6 


15.708 


4.72 


14.818 


0140 


0.809 


0.764 


17.497 


19.635 


7.226 


6 


J8.849 


5.699 


17.904 


151 


0.670 


0-637 


25.509 


28.274 


9.346 


7 


21 .991 


6.657 


20.914 


172 


0.574 


0-545 


3i.805 


38.484 


12.435 


8 


25.132 


7.636 


23.9S9 


0.182 


0.500 


0.478 


45.795 


50.265 


15.109 


9 


28.374 


8.615 


27.055 


0.193 


0.444 


0.424 


58.291 


63.617 


18.002 


10 


31.416 


9.573 


30.074 


0.214 


0.399 


0.382 


71.975 


78.540 


22.19 



JAeikt Wrought Iron Artesian Tube and Casing- tor Oil 
Wells. 



STANDARD SIZES. 




HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



LAG OR WOOD SCREWS. 







Weight of 1 00, 


in Pounds- 








Diamet'r 


& 


ii 
8 


ft 


k 


ft 


ft 


.5 
4 


7 
8 


1 


Length. 




















n 


4.7 


7.1 


9.9 


13.9 












if 


5.2 


7.6 


10.9 


14.9 












2 


5.7 


8.1 


11.6 


15.8 


24. 


26.2 








H 


6.2 


8.1 


12.5 


16.9 


25. 


27.7 








4 


0.7 


9.3 


13.4 


17.9 


26. 


29.2 


46.5 






3 


7.7 


10.6 


15.1 


19.9 


28. 


33.5 


51.5 


73. 




Sh 


8.7 


11.9 


16.5 


22. 


31. 


36.5 


56.5 


79. 


103. 


4 


9.7 


13.3 


18.6 


24.3 


34. 


39.5 


61.5 


85. 


112. 


ik 


10.7 


14.7 


20.4 


26.9 


37. 


42.2 


67. 


91. 


121. 


5 


11.7 


16.1 


22.1 


29. 


40. 


46. 


72.2 


97. 


130. 


ok 


12.7 


17.5 


23.8 


31.5 


43. 


49.4 


78. 


103. 


140. 


6 


13.7 


18.9 


25.5 


34. 


46. 


53. 


83.5 


no. 


150. 


7 






29.2 


39. 


52. 


60. 


94. 


125. 


170. 


8 






33. 


44. 


58. 


67.5 


104.5 


140. 


190. 


9 








49. 


64. 


75. 


115. 


156. 


210. 


10 








54. 


70. 


82.5 


126. 


172. 


230. 


11 










76. 


90. 


137. 


188. 


250. 


12 










82. 


98. 


148. 


204. 


270. 



GEOMETRICAL DEFINITIONS. 

Angle — An opening between two lines that meet in a point. 
Right Angle— A straight line perpendicular to another. 
Obtuse Angle — An angle wider than a right angle. 
Acute Angle — An angle less than a right angle. 
Triangle — A figure with three sides and three angles. 
Equilateral Triangle— A triangle having all sides equal. 
Isosceles Triangle— A triangle haying two of its sides equal. 
Eight-Angled Triangle— A triangle having one right angle. 
Obtuse- Angled Triangle — A triangle having one obtuse angle. 
Quadrangle or Quadrilateral is a four-sided figure and may be a 

parallelogram, having its opposite sides paralleled. 
Square — Having all its sides equal and all right angles. 
Rectangle — Having a right angle. 

Rhombus or Lozenge — Having all sides equal and no right angles. 
Rhomboid — A parallelogram with no right angles. 
Trapezoid— Having only two sides parallel. 
Polygon— A plain figure having more than four sides. 
Pentagon — Having five sides. 
Hexagon — Having six sides. 
Heptagon — Having seven sides. 
Octagon — Having eight sides. 
Nonagon — Having nine sides. 
Decagon — Having ten sides. 
Radius is a line extending from the center to the circumference. 

It is one-half of any given diameter. 



123 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



MACHINE BOLTS 
With Square Heads and Nuts. 

Weight of 100, in Pounds. 



Diamet'r 


4 


A 


* 


"1 6" 


} 


"i'V 


f 




1 

8 


1 


Length. 






















H 


4. 


7. 


10.5 


15.2 


22.5 


30. 


39.5 








If 


4.3 


7.5 


11.2 


16.3 


23.8 


31.7 


41.6 








2 


4.7 


8. 


12. 


17.4 


25.1 


33.5 


43.7 


69. 


108. 




H 


5.1 


8.5 


12.7 


18.5 


26.4 


35.2 


45.8 


72. 


112.2 




2} 


5.5 


9. 


13.5 


19.6 


27.8 


37. 


48. 


75. 


116.5 


175 


2^ 


5.7 


9.5 


14.2 


20.7 


29.1 


38.7 


50.1 


78. 


121.7 


180 


3 


G.2 


10. 


15. 


21.8 


30.4 


40.5 


52.2 


81. 


126. 


185 


3^ 


7. 


11. 


16.5 


24. 


33.1 


44. 


56.5 


87. 


134.2 


196 


4 


7.7 


12. 


18. 


26.2 


35.7 


47.5 


60.7 


93.1 


142.5 


207 


4J 


8.5 


13. 


19.5 


28.4 


38.4 


51. 


65. 


99. 


151. 


218 


5 


9.2 


14. 


21. 


30.6 


41. 


54.5 


69.2 


105.2 


159.5 


229 


5} 


10. 


15. 


22.5 


32.8 


43.7 


58. 


73.5 


111.2 


168. 


240 


6 


10.7 


16. 


24. 


35. 


46.3 


61.5 


77.7 


117.3 


176.6 


251 


6.V 


11.5 


17. 


25.5 


37.2 


49. 


65. 


82. 


123.3 


185. 


262 


7 


12.2 


18. 


27. 


39.4 


51.6 


68.5 


86.2 


129.4 


193.6 


273 


7^ 


13. 


19.2 


28.5 


41.6 


54.3 


72. 


90.5 


135. 


202. 


284 


8 


13.7 


20.7 


30. 


43.8 


59.6 


75.5 


94.7 


141.5 


210.7 


295 


9 






34. 


48.2 


61.9 


82.5 


103.2 


153.6 


227.7 


317 


10 






37.5 


52.6 


70.2 


89.5 


111.7 


165.7 


244.8 


339 


11 






41. 


57. 


75.5 


96.5 


120.2 


177.8 


261.8 


360 


12 






14.5 


61.4 


80.8 


103.5 


128.7 


189.9 


278.9 


382 


13 










86.1 


110.5 


137.2 


202. 


295.9 


404 


14 










91.4 


117.5 


145.7 


214.1 


313. 


426 


15 










96.7 


124.5 


154.2 


226.2 


330. 


448 


16 










102. 


131.5 


162.7 


238.3 


347.1 


470 


17 










107.3 


138.5 


171. 


250.4 


364.1 


492 


18 










112.6 


145.5 


179.5 


262.6 


381.2 


514 


19 










117.9 


152.5 


188. 


274.7 


398.2 


536 


20 










123.2 


159.5 


196.5 


286.8 


415.3 


558 



WEIGHT OF 100 BOLT ENDS. 



IN POUNDS. 



A» « 


18 lbs. 


| fxl2| 115 lbs.,; I£xl3 


460 lbs. 


Ifxl7| 1350 lbs. 


fxlO 


34 lbs. 


! fxl2i 165 lbs.) Hxl4 
< |xl2 230 lbs. i lfxl5 


630 lbs. 


Ifxl8 1680 lbs. 


VhxIO 


42 lbs. 


850 lbs. 


1 l|xl9l 1900 lbs 


1x12 


71 lbs. 


1 xl2 310 lbs.; 1^x16 


1075 lbs. 


2 x20i 2300 lbs. 



124 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



£S 



Rails, Splices and Bolts Required for One Mile of 
Track. 

Tons of Rails. 

Rule— To find the number of tons (of 2,240 lbs.) of Rail to the mile, divide 
the weight per yard by 7, and multiply it >>y 11, thus: for 56 lb. rail divide 
56 by 7, equal 8, multiplied by 11, equal S3 tons, for one mile of single track. 



Weight of Rail, 
per yard. 


Tons per Mile. 


Weight of Rail, 
per yard. 


Tons per Mile. 


12 pounds. 


12 tons 920 pounds. 


45 ponnds. 


70 tons 1600 p'nds. 


14 " 


22 " 


48 " 


75 " 960 " 


16 " 


25 " 320 " 


50 " 


78 " 1280 " 


18 " 


28 " 640 " 


52 " 


81 » 1600 " 


20 " 


31 " 960 " 


56 " 


88 « 


22 " 


34 " 1280 « 


57 " 


89 " 1230 " 


25 " 


39 " 640 « 


60 " 


94 •« C40 " 


26 " 


40 " 1920 " 


62 " 


37 " 960 *» 


27 " 


42 " 960 " 


64 " 


100 " 12*0 " 


28 " 


44 " 


65 •< 


102 " 320 « 


30 " 


47 " 320 " 


68 » 


106 " 1920 " 


33 « 


51 " 1920 " 


70 " 


110 " 


35 " 


55 " 


72 " 


113 " 320 " 


40 « 


62 " 1920 " 


76 " 


119 " 960 " 



Number of Rails, Chairs, Joints, Splices and Bolts. 



Length of Rail. 


No. of Rails, 
Chairs or Joints. 


No. of Splices. 


No. of Bolts. 


18 


5S4 


1,168 


2,336 


20 


528 


1,056 


2,112 


21 


503 


1,06 


2,012 


22 


480 


960 


1,920 


24 


440 


8S0 


1,760 


25 


422 


814 


1,683 


26 


406 


812 


1,624 


27 


391 


7S2 


1,564 


28 


377 


754 


1,503 


30 


352 


704 


1,408 



No allowance made for side track in above tables. 



Number of Cross Ties for each Mile of Track, 



Centre to Centre. 
IVt feet 


No. of Ties. 
3,520 


Centro to Centre. 
2% feet 


No. of Ties 
2,113 


1% " 


3,017 


2% " 


1,921 


2 " 


2,640 

2,348 


3 " 


1.761 


2iT " 





Capacity of a Freight Car. 

A load is nominally 10 tons of 20,000 lbs. The following can be carried : 
Whiskey, 60 bbls.; salt, 70 bbls.; lime, 70 bbls.; flour, 90 bbls.; eggs, 130 to 
160 bbls.; flour 200 sacks; wood, 6 cords; cattle, 18 to 20 head; hogs, 50 to 
60; sheep, 80 to 100; lumber, 6,000 feet; barley, 300 bushels,>heat, 340 bush- 
els; flax seed, 360 bushels; apples, 370 bushels; corn, 400 bushels; potatoes, 
430 bushels; oats, 680 bushels; bran, 1,000 bushels; butter, 20,000 lbs. 



125 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



Weight of a Lineal Foot of Flat Steel in lbs. 



£nch. 


M 


H 


% 


X 


H 


X 


1 


j 


.213 


.426 


.64 










I 


.266 


.533 


.8 


1.066 


... 






^ 


.319 


.639 


.959 


1.28 


l.o 






1 


.426 


.853 


1.28 


1.706 


2.133 


2.559 




1 i 


.48 


.959 


1.439 


1 919 


2.399 


2.879 


3.84 


1$ 


.533 


1.066 


1.6 


2.133 


2.666 


3.200 


4.266 


if 


.586 


1.173 


1.759 


2.346 


2.933 


3.519 


4 693 


1} 


.639 


1.279 


1.919 


2.56 


3.199 


3.84 


5.119 


if 


.693 


1.386 


2.079 


2.773 


3.466 


4.16 


5.546 


if 


.746 


1.493 


2.24 


2.986 


3.733 


4.479 


5.97b 


2 


.853 


1.706 


2.559 


3.413 


4.266 


5.119 


6.826 


2£ 


.906 


1.813 


2.719 


3.626 


4.533 


5.439 


7.253 


2? 


.96 


1.919 


2.879 


3.84 


4.799 


5.76 


7.68 


2f 


1.013 


2.026 


3.039 


4.053 


5.066 


6.079 


8.106 


2| 


1.016 


2.133 


3.199 


4.266 


5.333 


6.399 


8.533 


2f 
2§ 


1.019 


2.24 


3.36 


4.48 


5.6 


6.72 


8.96 


1.173 


2.346 


3.519 


4.693 


5.866 


7.039 


9.3S6 


3 


1.28 


2.56 


3.84 


5.12 


6.4 


7.68 


10.24 


H 


1.386 


2.773 


4.16 


5.546 


6.933 


8.319 


11.093 




1.493 


2.986 


4.48 


5.973 


7.466 


8.95 


11.946 


1.6 


3.199 


4.799 


6.399 


7.999 


9.599 


12.799 


4 


1.706 


3.413 


5.119 


6.826 


8.533 


10.239 


13.653 


H 


1.813 


3.626 


5.439 


7.253 


9.066 


10.879 


14.506 


4} 


1.93 


3.84 


5.76 


7.68 


9.6 


11.52 


15.36 


2.026 


4.053 


6.079 


8.106 


10.133 


12.159 


16.213 


5 


2.133 


4.266 


6.399 


8.533 


10.666 


12.799 


17.066 


H 


2.24 


4.48 


6.72 


8.959 


11.199 


13.44 


17.919 


H 


2.346 


4.693 


7.039 


9.386 


11.733 


14.079 


18.773 


5§ 


2.453 


4.906 


7.359 


9.813 


12.266 


14.719 


19.626 


6 


2.56 


5.12 


7.68 


10.24 


12.8 


15.36 


20.48 



Number of Brass Escutcheon Pins in a Pound. 



; 720 

'l,120 

1,8751,312 
2,440 1,820 
3,1002,240 
3,540j2,700 
4,9723,175 
7,3035,140 
9,93218,419 



* 


t 


3 

4 


I 


1 


H 


1* 


n 


2 


650 


460 


416 


400 


336 


272 


212 


192 


170 


918 


672 


528 


480 


400 


380 


320 


229 


220 


1,100 


950 


830 


692 


600 


432 


378 


320 


272 


1,376 
1,720 


1,152 


960 


888 


720 


576 


580 


432 


400 


1,460 


1,275 


1,130 


980 


720 


592 


578 


464 


2,076 


1,812 


1,500 


1,185 


1,051 


928 


800 


640 




2,550 


2,450 


2,200 


1,7401,5201,216 


960 






4,130 
6,374 


3,565 
5,500 


2 900 


1 i 








4,155 


I 1 









126 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



Wl 

ROD 


EIGHT OF ONE FOOT OF BAR STEEL. 


HD. 


SQUARE. 


OCTAGON . 


Diana. In. 


Lbs. 


Side In. 


Lbs. 


Diam. In. 


Lbs. 


X 


.166 


X 


.213 


X 


.84 


X 


.375 


X 


.479 


% 


1.23 


X 


.667 


X 


.855 


K 


1.75 


X 


1.04 


X 


1.S3 


X 


2.25 


H 


1.50 


X 


LSI 


1 


2.75 


% 


2.C5 


X 


2. CI 


1# 


3.66 


1 


2.67 


1 


3.40 


1* 


4.C5 


l* 


3. £8 


1H 


4.34 


1% 


5.50 


IX 


4.17 


IX 


5. £2 


1# 


6.45 


IX 


5.C5 


IX 


6.44 


\x 


7.75 


IX 


6. CO 


IX 


7.C7 


IK 


9.20 


1* 


7.05 


1% 


9. CO 


l;i 


10.04 


1* 


8.17 


1* 


10.44 
11.58 


2 


11.60 


1% 


9.38 


Vi 


2% 


13.14 


2 


10.68 


2 


13. C3 


%x 


14.75 


*X 


12 04 


IX 


15. £5 


8* 


16.40 


2# 


13.61 


2% 


17.20 


%X 


17.85 


2% 


15.05 


2% 


19.17 


2% 


19.50 


2X 


16.68 


2X 


21.20 


2H 


21.25 


2^ 


18.43 


2% 


23. £0 


2X 


22.69 


2* 


20.19 


1% 


25.70 


3 


25.00 


VA 


22.00 


IX 


27.74 






3 


24.03 


3 


30.60 






3^ 


26.12 


*x 


83.18 






3# 


28.20 


3X 


35.90 






*X 


30.45 


*X 


38.78 






*x 


32 70 


*X 


41. C5 






*x 


35.12 


i% 


44.17 






3* 


37.54 


3K 


46.70 






4 


42.71 


4 


54.40 






4# 


48.22 


*X 


61.40 






*X 


64.06 


*X 


68.85 






6 


66.75 


5 


85.00 




GENUINE RUSSIA SHEET IRON. 








WEIGHT PEE 


i 






SIZE. 


SHEET. 


WIRE GAUGE. 


No. 7 


28x56 in. 


Ci- lbs. 
71- lbs. 

8 lbs. 

9 lbs. 
10 lbs. 
lOf lbs. 


No. 29 
No. 28 
No. 27 
No. 26 
No. 25 
No. 24^ 


No. 8 


No. 9 


No. 10.. 
No. 11.. 
No. 12.. 








No. 13.. 
No. 14.. 
No. 15.. 




(< 


11 1 lbs. 
12£ lbs. 
13^ lbs. 


No. 24 
No. 23^ 
No. 22| 

No. m 




... 


No. 16.. 


...J 


CI 


14^ ib s . 




Average weight per bundle, 240 pounds. 


AMERICAN (IMITATION) P.USSIA SHEET IKON. 


No. Wir 


3 Gauge. 


Size sheets — inches. 


Vrt. per sheet; lbs. 


« 


>4 


28x00 


Ill 


« 


25 


28x60 


10^ 


( 


26 


28x60 


n 


1 


n 


28x60 


9± 



127 



I HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



Tempering Steel, * 

(Haswell.) 
Steel in its hardest state being too brittle for most purposes, the requisite 
strength and elasticity are obtained by tempering— or letting doivn the temper 
as it is termed — which is performed by heating the hardened steel toa cer- 
tain degree and cooling it quickly. The requisite heat is usually ascertained 
by the color which the surface of the Steel assumes from the film of oxide 
thus formed. 

The degrees of heat to which these several colors correspond are as follows: 
At 430, a very faint yellow. (Suitable for hard instruments ; as hammer- 
a pale straw color. . ( faces, drills, &c. 

a full yellow. (For instruments requiring hard edges without 

a brown color \ elasticity;aS6hears,8cissors,turning tools, &c 

brown, with purple j For toolSf for cntting wood and sof t metals . 

j such as plane-irons, knives, &c. 



At 450, 
At 470, 
At 490, 
At 510, 

At S?" purpie':. : : '::::::. : : 1 8uch as &*™-™™ 



As^O dark hmo (For tools requiring strongedges, without ex- 

YfKfln f^wni < treme hardness ; as cold-chisels, axes, cut- 

At560, fuhblue ( lery, &c. 

At 600, grayish blue, verg- (For spring-temper, which will bend before 

ing on black ( breaking; as saws, sword-blades, &c. 

If the steel is heated higher than this, the effect of the hardening process 
is destroyed. 

It Has Been Stated 
That the temperature of furnaces &c, may be estimated with considerable 
accuracy by the color of the fire, and that with a little practice the error at 
very high temperatures will not exceed 90 c , or 100°, and the following table 
contains the result of observations with an air thermometer . 

Temperature, 
degrees F. 
2,010 



Temperature, 
Color of Fire. Degrees F. 

Red, jufrt visible 977 

" dull 1,290 

11 cherry,dull 1,470 

" " full 1,650 

" " clear 1,830 



Color of Fire. 
Orange, deep... 
" clear.... 
White heat 

" bright... 

" dazzling. 



2,190 
2,370 
2,550 
2,75b 



Effect of Heat on Yarious Bodies. 



Degrees 

Ammoniaboils 140 

Ammonia (liquid) freezes -^6 

Antimony melts 951 

Arsenic melts 365 

Bismuth m< Its 476 

Blood (human) heat of 9S 

" " freezes 25 

Brandy freezes.*. —7 

Brass melts 1,900 

Cadmium melts 600 

Coal Tar boils 325 

Cold, greatest artificial —166 

•* greatest natural — 56 

Common Fire 790 

Copper melts - . 2,648 

Glass melts 2,377 



Gold (fine) melts 2,590 

Gutta-percha softens 1 45 

Heat, cherry red l,50o 

(Daniel) 1,U1 

" bright red 1,S6) 

" red, visible by day 1,077 

" white 2,9(0 

Ice melts 32 

Iron (cast) melts 3,479 

" (wrought ) melts 3, 980 

The sign — before the figures indicates that many degrees beiow zero or o 



Degrees. 

Iron, bright red in (he dark. . . 752 

" red not in twilight 884 

Lead melts 504 

Mercury boils 662 

" volatilizes 680 

" freezes —39 

Naphtha boils 186 

Petroleum boils 306 

Platinum melts 3,080 

Potassium melts 135 

Proof Spirit freezes —7 

Saltpetre melts 600 

Sea-water freezes 28 

Silver (fine) melts 1,250 

Snow and Salt, equal parts. 

Spirits of Terpentine freezes. 14 

Steel melts 2,500 

- »« polished, blue. 580 

11 " straw color 460 

Strong Wines freeze 20 

Sulphur melts 226 

Sulph Acid(sp.gravl ,641)f reezes — 15 

Tin melts 421 

Vinous fermentation 60 to 77 

Water in vacuo boils 98 

Zinc melts 740 



128 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES' AND QUERIES. 



BUILDERS' REFERENCE TABLES. 



Size of Class in Window' 



12 Lights. 



8x10 

8x12 

9x12 

9x13 

9x14 

9x15 

9x16 

10x12 

10x14 

10x15 

10x16 

10x18 

10x20 

11x14 

11x15 

11x16 

11x17 

11x18 

12x14 

12x15 

12x16 

12x18 

12x20 

12x24 



8 Lights. 



12 xlO 
12 xl2 
13^x12 
13§xl3 
13^x14 
13^x15 
13^x16 
15 xl2 
15 xl4 
15 xl5 
15 xl6 
15 xl8 
15 x20 
16^x14 
16^x15 
16^x16 
16^x17 
16^x18 
18 xl4 
18 xl5 
18 xl6 
18 xl8 
18 x20 
18 x24 



4 Lights. 



12 x20 
12 x24 
13^x24 
13^x26 
13^x28 
13jx30 
131x32 
15 x24 
15 x28 
15 x30 
15 x32 
15 x36 
15 x40 
161x28 
16^x30 
16^x32 
16^x34 
161x36 
18 x28 
18 x30 
18 x32 
18 x36 
18 x40 
18 x48 



Size of Sash 
and Frame. 



One Ha.nk: of Sash Cord will ha.no- 1Q 
Measure s 75 feet and -weighs 



.4 x3.10 
.4 X 4.6 
.7 x4.6 
.7 xl.10 
.7 x5.2 
.7 x5.6 
.7 x5.10 
.10x4.6 
.10x^.2 
.10x5.6 
.10x5.10 
.10x6.6 
.10x7.2 
.1 x5.2 
.1 x5.6 
x5.10 
x6.2 
x6.6 
x5.2 
x5.6 
x5.10 
xQ.G 
x7.2 
x8.6 



Weights. 



Lbs. 
4 

5 

5* 
5| 
5j 
6 

6 

6 

H 

7 
8 
6 

H 

7 
7 

4 

7 



Lbs. 
5 
5 

i 



6" 
7 

? 

9 

7 

7^ 

8 



8* 
9A 

10i 

12 



Weights, 
about 2 1- 



Each Hank 
4 lbs. 





SASH WEIGHTS 


.—Standard Size List. 


LBS. 


Inches 
diam'r 


Inches 
length i 


LBS. 


Inches Inches 
diam'r length 


LBS. 


Inches 
diam'r 


Inches 
length 


2 


U 


8A ! 


9 


1-flr 


18 


18 


H 


251 


** 


1 l 


10 


9^ 


1ft 


m 


19 


2 


241 


3 


i& 


11 


10 


1| 


19 


tf 


2 


251 


3^ 


1A 


11 


ICi 


it 


19f 
20| 


2 


27^ 


4 


1A 


12 


II 


22 


2 


28 


4-h 


}* 


13 


It* 


If 


19 


23 


2 


30 


5, 


We 


13 


12 


if 

if 


20 


24 


2 


31 


bh 


iiV 


14 


I2i 


21 


25 


2 


32 


6 


1A 


1U 


13 


22 


26 


2 


33 


Si 


itV 


isi 


14 


23i 


27 


2 


35 


/ 


1A 


m 


15 


25 


28 


2 


37 


H 


H 


17 


16 


231 


29 


2 


38 


8 
8i 




17f 1 
17| | 


17 


24^ 


30 


2 


391 



2-lb. to 20-lb. Patent Eye. 21-lb. to 30-lb. Solid Eye. 
Sizes not on List, and Square Weights, half-cent per lb. extra. 

129 



-k&^ZLSZ+u 




iiriillli liinr 

LLLLiiLLIi 1 1 1 1 1 (11 

l"i L#^^^a : /lTnLRRO OK BROTHERS- 



II IH 



IMPORTERS 

ENGLISH and FRENCH PLATE CLASS, 

FRENCH WINDOW CLASS. 

FRENCH PICTURE CLASS. 

FRENCH CAR CLASS. 
ENAMELED CLASS, 

GROUND CLASS, 

CATHEDRAL GLASS. 
RUBY, BLUE, GREEN, ORANGE and PURPLE CLASS. 

SHARRATT & NEWTH'S ENGLISH GLAZIERS' DIAMONDS. 

— ALSO— 

American Plate Glass. American Window Glass. 

Floor and Skylight Glass. Embossed and Cut Glass, 

All kindi of Glass Cut to any Size and Shape required. Estimates furnished. 



*87Aw89.-Beekman, and 53 & 55 Oliff Streets, 

-HEW "TORE OIT"?. 



I HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 





i - 








WINDOW GLASS. 


-. -. ^n 










FRENCH OR AMERICAN. 












No. 


or Lights per Box of 50 Feet. 






6 


by 8 
" 8tf 


150 


13 


by 20 
if 22 


28 


16 by 54 


8 


24 by 30 


10 


3 2 by 36 


6 




6^ 


130 


13 


25 


16 " 60 


8 


24 ■■ 32 


10 


32 - 38 


6 




7 


" 9 


115 


13 


«• 24 


23 


18 " 20 


20 


24 " 34 


9 


32 •■ 40 


6 




8 


" 10 


90 


13 


" 26 


21 


18 " 20 


18 


24 " 36 


9 


32 " 42 


6 




8* 


" 10tf 


81 


13 


ii 28 


20 


18 u 24 


17 


24 «« 38 


8 


32 " 44 


5 




8 


" 11 


82 


13 


" 30 


19 


18 " 26 


16 


24 " 40 


8 


32 " 48 


6 




8 


" 12 


75 


13 


" 32 


17 


18 " 28 


14 


24 " 42 


7 


32 «' 60 


5 




9 


" 11 


73 


14 


" 15 


34 


18 " 30 


14 


24 " 46 


7 


32 " 56 


4 




9 


ii 12 


67 


14 


" 16 


32 


18 " 32 


13 


24 " 48 


6 


32 " 60 


4 




9 


" 13 


62 


14 


" 17 


31 


18 " 34 


12 


24 " 50 


6 


32 «* 66 


3 




9 


" 14 


57 


14 


ii 18 


29 


18 " 36 


11 


24 " 54 


6 


34 " 36 


6 




9 


" 15 


53 


14 


" 20 


26 


18 " 38 


11 


24 «« 56 


6 


34 " 40 


6 




9 


" 16 


60 


14 


" 22 


24 


18 " 40 


10 


24 " 60 


6 


34 '« 44 


5 




9 


" 18 


45 


14 


u 24 


22 


18 " 42 


10 


24 •« 66 


5 


34 i* 46 


5 




10 


" 12 


60 


14 


" 26 


20 


18 " 44 


9 


26 " 28 


10 


34 •• 43 


5 




10 


" 13 


65 


14 


'• 28 


19 


18 " 46 


9 


26 " 30 


9 


84 *■ 50 


4 




10 


" 14 


52 


14 


" 30 


17 


18 M 50 


8 


26 " 32 


9 


?4 ii 54 


4 




10 


" 16 


48 


14 


" 32 


16 


18 " 52 


8 


26 " 34 


8 


34 ii 56 


4 




10 


u 16 


45 


14 


" 34 


15 


18 " 56 


7 


26 ii 36 


8 


34 " 60 


4 




10 


" 17 


43 


14 


" 36 


14 


18 " 60 


7 


26 " 33 


7 


34 ii 66 


3 




10 


* 18 


40 


14 


" 33 


14 


20 '• 22 


16 


26 ii 42 


7 


36 'i 40 


5 




10 


ii 20 


36 


14 


ii 40 


13 


20 " 24 


15 


26 ii 44 


6 


36 " 44 


5 




10 


•i 22 


33 


14 


ii 42 


12 


20 M 26 


14 


26 •« 48 


6 


36 " 46 


4 




10 


ci 24 


30 


14 


u 44 


12 


20 ** 28 


13 


26 " 50 


6 


36 •• 43 


4 




10 


* 26 


28 


14 


ii 46 


11 


20 " 30 


12 


26 ii 52 


5 


36 " 50 


4 




10 


" 28 


26 


15 


" 16 


30 


20 •« 32 


11 


26 •* 54 


5 


36 ii 54 


4 




10 


M 30 


24 


15 


ii 18 


27 


20 "34 


11 


26 i* 58 


5 


36 'i 56 


4 




11 


M 12 


55 


15 


ii 20 


24 


20 i 36 


10 


26 i* 60 


5 


36 ii 60 


3 




11 


" 13 


51 


15 


ii 22 


22 


20 " 38 


10 


28 '« 30 


9 


36 " 64 


3 




11 


" 14 


47 


15 


ii 24 


20 


20 " 40 


9 


28 »« 32 


8 


36 " 66 


3 




11 


" 15 


44 


15 


" 26 


19 


20 " 42 


9 


28 « 34 


8 


36 4 « 70 


3 




11 


« 16 


41 


15 


ii 28 


17 


20 " 44 


8 


28 «' 36 


7 


38 " 40 


5 




11 


h it 


39 


15 


«i 30 


16 


20 " 48 


8 


28 '« 40 


7 


38 'i 42 


5 




11 


" 18 


37 


15 


ii 32 


15 


20 " 50 


7 


28 " 42 


6 


38 '• 44 


4 




11 


" 20 


33 


15 


ii 34 


14 


2% " 54 


7 


28 «' 46 


6 


33 ii 52 


4 




11 


ii 22 


30 


15 


'• 36 


13 


20 " 58 


6 


28 " 50 


5 


38 * 56 


3 




11 


" 24 


27 


15 


« 38 


13 


20 " 64 


6 


28 •« 56 


6 


38 " 62 


3 




12 


" 13 


46 


15 


" 40 


12 


22 " 24 


14 


28 « 60 


4 


38 " 66 


3 




12 


a 14 


43 


16 


" 16 


28 


22 ** 26 


13 


28 i« 66 


4 


40 i' 40 


4 




12 


" 15 


40 


16 


" 13 


25 


22 " 28 


12 


30 " 30 


8 


40 ii 42 


4 




12 


" 16 


38 


16 


ii 20 


23 


22 *• 30 


11 


30 « 32 


8 


40 " 44 


4 




12 


« 1T 


35 


16 


ii 22 


21 


22 " 32 


10 


30 •' 34 


7 


40 •• 50 


4 




12 


" 18 


34 


16 


ii 24 


19 


22 '* 34 


10 


30 '■ 33 


7 


40 'i 54 


3 




12 


" 20 


30 


16 


" 26 


17 


22 " 36 


9 


30 «' 40 


6 


40 ii 60 


3 




12 


" 22 


27 


16 


ii 28 


16 


22 M 38 


9 


30 '' 44 


6 


40 " 66 


3 




12 


" 24 


25 


16 


ii 30 


15 


22 " 49 


S 


30 i« 46 


5 


40 " 72 


3 




12 


" 26 


23 


16 


» 32 


14 


22 " 42 


8 


30 •« 48 


5 


42 " 42 


4 




12 


M 28 


22 


16 


ii 34 


13 


22 " 44 


7 


30 i* 50 


5 


42 " 48 


4 




12 


" 30 


20 


16 


« 36 


13 


22 " 48 


7 


30 i« 52 


6 


42 *' 52 


3 




12 


" 32 


19 


16 


ii 33 


12 


22 " 50 


7 


30 ii 54 


4 


42 " 62 


3 




12 


" 34 


18 


16 


" 40 


11 


22 " 52 


6 


30 ii 56 


4 


42 •• 68 


3 




12 


" 36 


17 


16 


« 42 


11 


22 " 56 


6 


30 I* 60 


4 


44 a 4 6 


4 




13 


m 14 


40 


16 


(i 44 


10 


22 " 60 


5 


30 " 64 


4 


44 " 50 


3 




13 


" 15 


37 


16 


'i 46 


10 


24 ii 24 


12 


30 " 66 


4 


44 " 56 


3 




1-t 


" 16 


35 


16 


" 48 


9 


24 i 26 


12 


30 •« 70 


3 


46 " 54 


3 


i 


13 


" 18 


31 


16 


" 52 


9 


24 " 28 11 


32 « 34 


7 


46 ii 64 3 



131 



OLD AND RELIABLE 



/ IT 8TYLES\ 
\AND SIZES./ 



^3sri> 



• IV STYLES \ 
\AND SIZES./ 



PORTABLE FORGES, 

Hand Blowers and Tuyere Irons. 



UJ 
DC 

i 




SASK f>tr$.Si«T 




o 



With I -4 Inch Steel Axles. 

Ewire Porta* Form Co. 

Cohoes, N. Y., U. S. A. 



o si 

a - 

O ci 

» .3 



^3 oi 

O £ 



^H >> 



X 



o 

2 a 

GO £ 

3 ^ 



«£ © to 3 



g-9 

-3 "3, 






HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



ROOFING SLATE. 

GENEBAL BULE FOB THE COMPUTATION OP SLATE. 

From the length of the slate take three inches, or as 
many as the third covers the first ; divide the remainder by 
2, and multiply the quotient by the width of the slate, and 
the product will be the number of square inches in a single 
slate. Divide the number of square inches thus procured 
by 144, the number of square inches in a square foot, and 
the quotient will be the number of feet and inches required. 
A square of slate is what will cover 100 feet square, when 
properly laid upon the roof. 



TABLE OF SIZES AND NUMBE3 OF SLATES IN ONE SQUABE. 




2 6 




« ^ 




So 




So 




&u 




3S 


C to 


02 C 


a aJ 


-3 :: 


~H » 


02 


a 2 


o: s 






02 r, 


©■s 


M-! C 


8-9 


*-. o< 


<d£ 


CM 0" 


°-9 


«M c 


■9§ 


002 


•^ a 


ora 


N « 


ccc 


jSl 


oca 


02m 


c* 


Kid 


6" 


rod 


6* 


OQt-t 


d* 




fc.S 




KB 




fc.S 




fc.H 


6x12 


533 


9x14 


291 


10x18 


192 


11x22 


137 


7x12 


457 


10x14 


281 


11x18 


174 


12x22 


125 


8x12 


400 


12x14 


218 


12x18 


150 


14x22 


108 


9x12 


355 


8x16 


277 


14x18 


137 


12x24 


114 


13x12 


320 


9x16 


246 


10x20 


139 


14x24 


93 


12x12 


2^6 


10x16 


221 


11x20 


134 


16x24 


£3 


7x14 


174 


12x16 


1£5 


12x20 


111 


14x26 


£3 


8x14 


3 T 


9x18 


213 


11x20 


121 


16x26 


78 



The weight of a square of Slate is estimated in a general 
way (varying according to the thickness of the different 
makes) at from 600 to 700 lbs. per square. 

A square of Slate is 100 superficial feet. 

Gauge is distance between the courses of the slates. 

Lap is distance which each slate overlaps the slate lengthwise 
next but one below it, and it varies from 2 to 4 inches. The 
standard is assumed to be 3 inches. 

Margin is width of course exposed or distance between tails 
of slate. 

Pitch of a slate roof should not be less than 1 in height to 4 in 
breadth. 

Length of a slate is taken from nail-hole to tail. 

Thickness of slates ranges from i to ^ inch. 

WEIGHT PER SQUAF.E FOOT. 

Thickness £ h \ " ! £ i f * ' 

Weight 1.81 2.71 3.62 5.43 7.25 9.06 10.87 14.5 lbs. 

Weight per cubic foot, 174 pounds. 

It requires, on account of laps, an average of nearly 2A rquare 
feet of slate to make one of slating. 



133 




GARDEN CITY 

Fire Engine House 

♦1F1II@ HJUIOE^ 

Especially constructed for the purpose of Throwing the 

Doors Open. Made very heavy, and with 

a powerful spring. 

FRONT DOOR SIZE, 18 INCHES LONG. 

We refer, by permission, to the Fire Marshal of the 
Chicago Fire Department as to the merits of this Hinge. 



39 



49 



59 



"japanned, ^^ted.i^Brouze, 



per pair. 



per pair, per pair. 



Stall Doors 

Front Doors 



Extra Heavy 
Front Doors. 




Brass, 
per pair. 

.f 13 00 
19 00 

25 00 



MANUFACTURED BY 



Chicago Spring Butt Co. 



CHICAGO. ILL. 

Eastern Office, 97 Chambers St., N. Y. 




HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES.! 



Number cf Slate in any Number of Squares 

CAN BE CALCULATED FKOM THE FOLLOWING TABLE. 



The left-hand column is size of slate; the figures ab the top are the 
number of squares; the columns of figures are the number of pieces of 

slate. 



24x16 
24x14 
24x12 
22x14 
22x12 
22x11 
20x14 
I 20x12 
' 20x11 
20x10 
18x12 
18x10 
18x 9 
10x12 
10x10 
10x9 
lOx 8 
14x14 
14x12 
14x10 
14x 9 
14x 8 
14x7 
12x12 
12x10 
12x 8 
12x 7 
!2x 6 



107 
93 
111 
123 
139 
94 
109 
131 
145 
164 
187 
134 
160 
200 
229 
267 



1 


2 


SQ. 


SQ. 


85 


171 


98 


196 


115 


229 


108 


217 


126 


253 


137 


276 


121 


242 


141 


232 


154 


308 


170 


339 



3 I 4 
SQ. SQ. 



5 

SQ. 



160 
192 
213 

185 
222 
246 
276 
187 
218 
262 
290 
327 
374 
267 
320 
400 
457 



320 
3*4 
426 
370 
443 
492 
534 
374 
437 
524 
581 
655 
74« 
534 
640 
800 
914 



533 1067 



258 
294 
343 
325 
379 
413 
363 
424 
462 
508 
480 
576 
640 
554 
664 
738 
831 
661 
654 
785 
872 
982 
1122 
800 
960 
1200 
1371 
1600 



343 
392 
457 
434 
505 
551 
484 
565 
616 
678 
640 
768 
853 
739 
886 
985 
1108 
748 
872 
1048 
1163 
1309 
1496 



428 
490 
571 
542 
631 
689 
605 
706 
770 
847 
800 
960 
1066 
924 
1107 
1231 
1385 
935 
1091 
1309 
1454 



SQ. 
515 



650 
758 
826 
726 
847 
924 
1017 
960 
1162 
1280 
1 

1329 
1477 
1662 
1122 
1310 
1570 
1745 



600 
686 
800 
758 
884 1011 



SQ. 



1029 
975 
1137 
1102 1240 
968 1089 
1129 1271 
1232 1386 
1356 1525 
1280 ! 1440 
1536 1728 
1706 1920 
1477 1662 
1772 1993 
1969 2215 
2215 2492 
1496 1683 
1745 1963 
2094 2356 
2326 2618 
2291 2618 2946 



965 
847 
988 
1078 
1186 
1120 
1344 
1493 
1293 
1550 
1723 
1938 
1309 
1527 
1833 
2036 



943 

1077 

114311257 



1636 1964 

1870' 2244! 2618, 2992 3366 
1067 1334 160011867,2133 2400 



1083 
1263 
1378 
1210 
1412 
1540 
1694 
1600 
1920 
2133 
1847 
2215 
2461 
2769 
1870 
2182 
2618 
2909 
3273 
3740 
2667 



1191 
1389 
1515 
1331 
1552 
1694 
1863 
1760 
2112 
2346 
2031 
2436 
2707 
3046 
2057 
2400 
2880 
3200 
3600 
4114 



12 



1029 
1175 
1371 

1300 



151511642 1768 



13 | 
SQ. 

1115 
1273 
1485 
1408 



14 
SQ. 

1200 
1371 
1600 
15161 



1653 1791 
1452 1573 
16941835 
1848 2002 
2032 |2202 
1920 2080 
2304 2496 
2560 2773 
22162400 
2658 2880 
2953 3200 



1929 
1694 
1976 
2156 
2371 
2240 
2688 
2986 
2585 
3101 
3446 
3876 
2618 
3054 
3665 



3323 3600 

2244 2431 

2618 2836 

3141 2403 

3490 378114072 

3927 4254 4581 

4488 4862(5236 
2934 13200 1 3467 3734 
3520i3840 ! 4160;4480 



1280 1600 1920 2240,2559 2879 3200 <~~r~r~ v 9n0 ;K 
1600 2000 2400 2800^3200 3600 1 4000 1 4400 1 4800 5200 5600 
182« 2285 2743 3200 3657 «H 4571 5028,5485 5942 M^ 
2134 2667 3200 3734 4267 4800 i 5334l5867l6400 : 693^43< 



Standard Rules for Measuring Slate Roofing. 

These rules are recognized and followed by roofers and architects 
wherever slate-roofing is used, and in all standard works on the "™>J e <*' 
Fob plain BOOF-Measure the length of the roof and multiply by tne 
length of the rafter. Fob boof with hips, valleys, gables, pobmebs, 
ETC.-Measure each section through center and multiply length of rafter 
and, in addition to the actual surface of roof , measure the length of all 
hips and valleys by one foot wide. The extra measure on hips and valleys 
is intended to compensate for extra labor and loss of material in cutting, 
fitting and laying same. No deduction is made for dormer windows, sky- 
lights, chimneys, etc, unless they measure more than four feet square. 
If more than four feet square and less than eight feet square, deduct one- 
half. If more than eight feet square, deduct the whole. If hips are mitred, 
charge extra. The carpenter should furnish cant strips. 



135 



SPRINGS 




Cliffs R. H. Wagon Bolster Springs 

are the: best in the world. 

They are made of Best Crucible Steel. 

They are All Complete, ready to drop onto the wagon. 

They are Adjustable to any Width of Bolster. 
They hwe the Slow, Exsy Motion that is absolutely necessary to carry fruits and 
produce in perfect condition. 

They Will Save 20 Per Cent, in wear and tear on wigon and team. 

Every set of Springs will carry its marked capacity. 
Springs are Warranted Against Defects of material and workmanship. 




TRY the Oiiff Seat Spring JUST ONOE and you will be surprised at the demand 

for them. They are a Better Spring than you have been 

able to get FOR THE MONEY. 

T. & B. WAGON POLE SPRING. 

The Best WAGON POLE 
SPRING in the market. Can be 
put on or taken off in one minute. 

Fur D urability, Ease of A d- 
jastment and Capacity to do 
the work Right, it leads them 
all. Try them. 




\Nrite for Prices. 

TITQS & BABCOCK, Rochester, N. Y. 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



POWDER AND SAFETY FUSE. 

Spobting Powder is packed in 5 sizes of grain running from F (coars- 
est), FF, FG, FFG, FFFG (.finest), the sizes in greatest demand being FG 

Blasting Powder.— ".1 Blasting" is picked in 8 sizes of grain, TP 
(coarsest), TPG, F, FF, FG, FFG, FFFG, FFFFG (finest), the last size being 
especially adapted for use in Granite qutrries. 

"B Blasting " has 6 sizes of gram, C (coarsest), TP, TPG, F, FF, Ft 1 
(finest). It is glazed unless otherwise ordered. 

Shipping Powder {extra strength) is packed in six sizes of gram, TFCi 
(coarsest), F, FF, FG, FFG, FFFG (finest). 

SAFETY FUSE 

Is of 8 qualities : Hemp,Cotton, Superior Mining, Single-Taped.Double- 
Taped Triple-Taped, Small Gutta Perch , Large Gutta Percha, the quali- 
ties in greatest demand being Cotton and Single Taped. 

12 inches of Hemp Fuse will bu: n out in about 9 seconds. 

12 " Cotton Fuse " " 15 

12 " Single-Taped Fusa " " 18 

12 " Double-Taped Fuse " 4l 20 

T .ned Fuse is made to resist influence of water and severe tampug. 
Safety Fuse is packed in barrels, ezch barrel containing a unilorm 
number of feet, viz : . . . 

Cotton Fuse 14,000 feet m each barrel. 

Hemp 1'VMO " 

Single-Tape Fuse 8,000 " 

Double-Tape Fuse 7,000 

Triple-Tape Fuse 5,000 

ATLAS POWDER. 

Put up in cartridges of either 6 or 8 inches in length, and from % oi 
an inch to 2 inches in diameter, and packed in 25-lb., 50-lb. short and o - 
lb long boxes (the last, for convenience in handling, contain the powder m 
five 10-lb. paper boxes plaeed inside of the wood box ) 

Boxes marked E contain 20 per cent. Sitro-Glycerme Towder 



E - 
D 

D — 
C 

C-l- 
B 

B-I- 
A 



Taking "Atlas C Powder "as a standard, a single cartridge cf that 
grade will weigh in ounces, according to its diameter ana length, as fol- 

lows : 



Size of Cartridge 



*X6 

1 X6 
WX6 
1*X6 
IX X 6 
IX X 6 

2 X6 



Weight in Ounces 

of 

each Cartridge. 



3* 
4* 

6* 

9* 

13* 



Size of Cartridge. 



Weight in Ounces 

of 

each Cartridge. 



% X 

1 X 
1* X 
1* X 
1* x 
IX X 

2 X 



4* 
5* 
6* 
8 

12* 

16 

20 



Note. -For low r grades, reduce weight of Cartridge; for higher grades 
increase weight of caitridge. 



137 



Headquarters for Agricultural Implements. 






copyer strip Feed cutters. Lever Feed Cutters. Family Cider Hill. Union Cider Mill. 




Hay RacK. 



Corn Mill. 



Cultivators. 



Presse 




Apex Harrow 




Lawn rollers. 



Road Scrapers. 



Press Screw 



We have the finest and best illustrated Agricultural Implement Catalogue in this country 
which we furuieh to dealers only, on application. We sell our goods which are sccoud to 
none, at the very lowest maiket price. Address 

METROPOLITAN AGRICULTURAL WORKS. 
H. B. GRIFFING'S SONS & CO. 70 Cortlandt St., NEW YORK. 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES-! 



QUANTITY OF SEED REQUIRED 

TO PBODTJCE A GIVEK NUMBER OF PLANTS AND SOW A GIVEN AMOUNT 
OF GEOCND. 



Quantity 

per acre. 

Artichoke, 1 oz. to 500 plants. ... Vi lb. 

Asparagus, 1 oz. to 200 plants . . 5 lbs. 

Barley/.... ;■•-••: 2 ^ bu - 

Beans, dwarf, 1 quart to 150 feet 

ofdrill ...••••• IK ,' 

Beans, pole, 1 quart to 200 hills . . }» 
Beet, garden, 1 oz. to 100 feet of 

drill 10 

Beet, Mangel, 1 oz. to 150 feet of 

drill b 

Brocoli, 1 oz. to 3,000 plants 5 

Broom Corn l"VAU 

Brussels Sprouts, 1 oz. to S,m> 



lbs. 



lbs. 



plants. 



Buckwheat fc bu. 

Cabbage, 1 oz. to 3,000 plants 6 oz. 
Carrot, 1 oz. to 250 feet of drill. . 2% lbs. 
Cauliflower. 1 oz. to 3,000 plants. 5 oz. 
Celery, 1 oz. to 10,000 plants. . . 4 
Clover, Alsike and White Dutch 6 lbs. 

" Lucerne, Large Red and 
Crimson Trefoil 8 

" Medium 10 

Collards, 1 oz. to 2,500 plants . . 6 oz. 
Corn, sweet, 1 quart to 500 hills . 8 qts. 
Cress, 1 oz. to 150 feet of drill. . . 8 lbs. 
Cucumber, 1 oz. to 80 hills. ..... 1M 

Egg Plant, 1 oz. to 2,000 plants . 8 oz. 
Endive, 1 oz. to 300 feet of drill. 3 lbs. 
Flax, broad cast..... ........ •••• ** Du - 

Garlic, bulbs, 1 lb. to 10 feet of 

Gourd, 1 oz.' to 25 hills 2^ 

Grass, Blue Kentucky ^ 

" Blue English ..... .. . . .. -I 

" Hungarian and Millet >6 

" MixedLawn :•:•«"• s 

" Orchard, Perennial Rye, 
Red Top,Fowl Meadow 
and Wood Meadow .... 2 



bu. 



Quantity 
per acre. 

Hemp A H bu - 

Kale. 1 oz. to 3,1)00 plants .4 oz. 

Kohl Rabi, 1 oz. to 200 feet of 

\% lbs. 

Leek, 't oz.'to250 feet of drill. . . . 4 '" 
Lettuce, 1 oz. to 250 feet of drill. 3 
Martynia, 1 oz. to 50 feet of drill 10 
Melon, Musk, 1 oz. to 100 hills. . . 1% 
Melon, Water, 1 oz. to 25 hills. .. 1)£ 
Nasturtium, 1 oz. to 50 feet of 

drill 10 

Oats 2% bu. 

Okra," i oz.' to 50 feet of drill 10 lbs. 

Onion Seed, 1 oz, to 200 feet of 

drill 5 

" forSets 30 

Onion Sets, 1 quart to 20 feet of 

drill 8 

Parsnip, 1 oz. to 250 feet of drill. 5 
Parsley, 1 oz. to 250 feet of drill . 8 
Peas, garden, 1 quart to 150 feet 

ofdrill Vti bu. 

" field 2% 

Pepper, 1 oz. to 1,500 plants 4 oz. 

Potatoes 8 bu. 

Pumpkin, 1 quart to 300 hills 4 qts. 
Radish, 1 oz. to 150 feet of drill . . 8 lbs 

Rye 1% . bu 

Salsify, 1 oz. to 60 feet of drill . 
Spinage, 1 oz. to 150 feet of dnll.lO 
Summer Savory, 1 oz. to 500 feet 

ofdrill 2 " 

Squash, summer, 1 oz. to 40 hills 2 
" winter, 1 oz. to 10 hills. . 3 
Tomato, 1 oz. to 3,000 plants .... 3 oz. 
Tobacco. 1 oz. to 5,000 plants . . 2 - 
Turnip, 1 oz. to 250 feet of drill. . Wi lbs. 

Vetches 2 bu. 

Wheat lto2 



bu. 
lbs. 



8 lbs. 



Telocity and Force of the Wind. 



Description. 



Hardly perceptible. 
Just perceptible... 

Gentle Breeze 

Pleasant Breeze . . 

Brisk Gale 

High Wind 

Very high Wind.. 

Storm 

Great Storm 



mies Feet per 

P er minute. 
Hour. 



Hurricane. 



3 

4 
5 
10 
25 
£0 
25 
30 
35 
40 
45 
50 
CO 
TO 
80 
100 



Feft per 
second, 



Force in lbs. 
per sq. foot . 



88 
176 
264 
352 
440 
880 
1320 
1760 
2200 
2640 
30S0 
3520 
3900 
4100 
52fc0 
6100 
7040 
8800 I 



1.47 

2.93 

4.4 

5.87 

7.33 

14.67 

22 

36^6 
t*. 

51.3 

58.6 

66. 

73 3 

86. 
102.7 
117.3 
146 6 



.005 

.020 

.044 

.079 

.123 

.492 

1.107 

1.968 

3.075 

4.42S 

6.027 

7.872 

9.963 

12.300 

17.712 

24.108 

31.4S8 

49.200 



139 



O 



* 5 



£'? 



w ^3 



en 

UJ 

o 



^ Jr ^ c 
o © J 



"MM 

« h g 
► M o 

«9l 

a cd 

© ~ o 



JB 



9 o 
q o 

CO £0 

5" 



55 > 



S^ 



GO O 

! Jl -< 



s 



O 



j * * S^ © 
oc So 



•pJ Q a J! 
CH § © ® 






c 

o 6 
•Wo 

g G0« 
Iffi 



CD 
©S5 



■d 

2 u 



T E-* 



j 03 




HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



Dimensions of Cylindrical Yessels. 

It will be useful for tinners to know how to calculate the contents in 
gallons of cylindrical vessels. This is easily done by this formula : Square 
the diameter (in inches and decimal parts of an inch), multiply it by the 
height, then multiply the product by .0034 for wine gallons, or by .002785 
for beer gallons. 

Tinners are often called upon to construct a can or other cylindrical 
vessel to contain a certain number of gallons. The following table, fur- 
nished by an experienced tinner, gives the dimensions of cylindrical vessels 
which cut to advantage from tin or galvanized iron : 



Gallons. 


Diameter. 


Height. 


Gallons. 


Diameter. 


Height. 


1 


62 


6| 


30 


18» 


26* 
30* 


2 


8* 


>3 


35 


18* 


3 


9 


40 


18| 


34 


4 


10* 


13J 


50 


20* 


35 


5 


uj 


1U 


60 


22* 


33 


6 


111 


18| 


70 


23 


40 


10 


13* 


16A 


80 


24* 


40 


15 


15* 


19 


90 


244 


45 


20 


16 


23 


100 


26 


45 


25 


18 


23 









Table of Dimensions of Various Measures of Capacity. 



Size. 


Diameter of 
Top. 


Diameter of 
Bottom. 


Height. 




Inches. 


Inches. 


Inches. 


1 gallon. 
i ti 


4 


4? 


8 


1 quart. 


U 


4 


5| 


1 gallon. 


4 


7 


8* 


i " 


6* 


4 


4 


5 " 


. 8 


us 

HI 


m 


3 " 


7 


iei 


2 " 


6 


10* 


81 


1 " 


3f 


H 


7? 


20 quarts. 


19* 


13 


8 


16 " 


18 


H4 


6 J 


14 " 


151 


?I 


9 


10 " 


14* 


n 




1 pint. 


21 


3| 


75 " 


2f 


H 


3* 


3" quarts. 


3i 


6 


8* 


1 pint. 


4i 


3| 


22 


* gallon. 
1" " 


34 
2* 


S 


5 


1 " 


2 


4* 


4* 


i " 


If 


81 


3£ 


2 quarts. 


9 


6 


32 

22 


3 pints. 


8* 


n 4 


1 pint. 


61 


4 


2f 


Pie. 


9 


7* 


H 



A box 
A box 
A box 
A box 
A box 
A box 
A box 
A boi 
A. box 



Capacity of Boxes. 

24 by 16 inches and 28 inches deep will contain 5 bushels. 
24 by 16 inches and 14 inches deep will oontain 2* bushels. 
14 by 232 1 5 inches and 10 inches deep will contain 1* bushels. 
16 inches square and 8| inches deep will contain 1 buphel. 
16 by 8§ inches and 8 inches deep will contain * bushel. 
8 inches square and 8| inches deep will contain 1 peck. 
8 by 9,1 inches and 4 inches deep will contain 1 gallon. 
8 by 4 inches and 44 inches deep will contain * gallon. 
4 inches square and 41 inches deep will contain 1 quart* 



141 



— ■— 







The most perfect Anti-Friction Hanger in the Market, 




BECAUSE 

It is made of 
Bteel through- 
out, except the 
wheel, which 
has a steel axle, 
Itwillnotbreak 
It is practically 
free from wear, 
It is almost 
noiseless in ac- 
tion. It re - 
quires no oil. 
It has a broad 
bearing on the 
door and keeps 
in liDe. It is 
by far the most 
durable. It may 
be used with 
any track. It 
is always in 
order. 



XiAlsrS-8 PATENT THA.OX. 
Is made of steel and is easily put in position. Catches and holds no snow or ice. 
Door hung thereon cannot jump the track. Is not subject to decay. Requires no 
fitting, but i » ready at once. May be used with hangers of other manufac.ure. 



LANE'S MEASURING FAUCET. 

PRICE, 93.00. 

For Light or Heavy Molasses, Oils, Varnishes or other Fluids. 




We warrant these Faucets to 
to be as represented, measuring 
correctly and working more eas- 
ily in heavy molasses than any 
Measuring Faucet in the market. 
No grocer can afford to be with- 
out them, for they save time, 
aDd "time is money." They in- 
sure perfect cleanliness, requir- 
ing no tin measures or funnel to 
collect dirt and draw flies. They 
do not drip. They prevent all 
waste, as no molasses or other 
fluid can pass except when the 
crank is turned. They are the 
embodiment of simplicity, and 
consequently they are always in 
order. They work easily in the 
heaviest molasses. They are war- 
ranted to measure correctly, ac- 
cording to U. S. Standard. 



Manufactured Exclusively by 

LAHE BROS-, Poughkeepsie, N.Y. 

GENERAL AGENCY, 

JOHN H. GrBAHAU & CO., 113 Chambers St., New York. 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



Capacity of Cylindrical Cisterns or Tanks, 





FOR EACH FOOT OF DEPTH 






Diameter 
in feet. 


Gallons. 


Pounds. 


Diameter 
in feet. 


Gallons. 


Pounds. 


2.0 
2.5 
3.0 
3.5 
4.0 
4.5 
5.0 
5.5 
6.0 
6.5 
7.0 
7.5 
8.0 
8.5 


23.5 
36,7 
52.9 
72.0 
94.0 
119.0 
146.9 
177.7 
211.5 
248.2 
287.9 
330.5 
376.0 
424.5 


196 

306 

441 

600 

784 

992 

1,225 

1,482 

1,764 

2,070 

2,401 

2,756 

3,135 

3,540 


9.0 
9.5 
10.0 
11.0 
12.0 
13.0 
14.0 
15.0 
20.0 
25.0 
30.0 
35.0 
40.0 


475.9 

530.2 

587.5 

710.9 

846.0 

992.9 

1,151.5 

1,321.9 

2,350.1 

3,672.0 

5,287.7 

7,197.1 

9,400.3 


3,968 
4,421 
4,899 
5,928 
7,054 
8,280 
9,602 
11,023 
19,596 
30,620 
44,093 
60.016 
78,388 



Rule for Measuring the Capacity of a Circular Cistcri:. 
?„?.£ "by Ue depth n See, aud divide the product by 23!. The quo- 

63 gallons to one hogshea*. 



Capacity of Cisterns in Barrels (3H Gals.) 



Depth 1 foot. 



Depth 1 foot. 



Diameter. 



Barrels. 



Feet, 



.74 
1.16 
1.70 
2.28 
2.98 
3.77 
4.66 
5.64 
6.71 
7.88 
9.13 
10.49 
11.93 



Diameter. 



Feet, 



8 9 4 

11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
20 
25 
30 



Barrels. 



13.47 
15.11 
16.81 
18.65 
22.56 
26.85 
31.61 
36.55 
41.96 
74.60 
116.57 
167.86 



Rule for Measuring the Capacity of a Square Cistern, 
capacity of one foot in depth. 



143 



'■•■■ 




KEEL* CONGRESS 





PAT, STAR HACK SAW 00F ™ „„,„ 

003 297 827 7 L 

■11117 -" WTfrir nwii^^ 

STAR HACK SAWS, 

STAR BUTCHER SAWS, 

STAR BRACKET SAWS. 



THE STAR HACK SAW has a file temper, and one 5-cent blade will do more 
work than $1 worth of files. It will cut off an inch square bar of steel 30 times. 

THE STAR BUTCHER SAW will cut four times as long without filing as any 
other kind in use. It will cut off a half-inch rod of iron 30 times. 

THE STAR BRACKET SAW is taking the place of all other kinds. 

None of i >st of 

filing. They are taking the 1 1 other saws as fast as they become known. 







*-- i-iriTr , ir , « ,a, c 


11 in. 
$0.95 




Length . . . 
Per doz . . . 


. 6 in. 

. $0.55 


HACK SAW BLADES. 

7 in. 8 in. 9 in. 10 in. 
$0.60 $0.65 $0.70 $0.85 


12 in. 
$1.05 


Length . . . 
Per doz . . . 


. 14 in. 

. $1.08 


BUTCHER SAW BLADES. 

16 in. 18 in. 20 in. 22 in. 
$1.08 $1.20 $1.20 $1.32 


24 in. 
$1.32 


26 in. 
$1.44 


Length . . . 
Per gross. 


.000 to 
. $1.00 


BRACKET SAW BLADES. 

6 7 8 9 10 
$1.10 $1.20 $1.30 $1.40 


11 

$1.50 


12 
$1.60 



For sale by most Hardware Dealers, or sent by mail on receipt of the price. 

MILLERS FALLS CO., 93 Reade St., New York. 



imtmw . sill! 



STAR BUTCHER SAW. 





